Anxiety: The Genetic Factor

Throughout generations, anxiety has been one of the most common mental health conditions, and it's beginning to make sense why. Researchers in the field are learning that genetics may play a role in both the development and severity of anxiety. Existing data suggests that environments and learned behaviors can also contribute to development and intensity of the disorder.

What exactly are we talking about when it comes to genetic components in this mental illness? Everyone possesses various genetic predispositions, or details about our human makeup that increases or reduces the risk for certain health conditions or diseases. Anxiety isn't an exception - research shows specific genetic markers associated with increased likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder. Knowing these genetic factors may help us better understand what types of anxiety people are most vulnerable to, as well as enable us to form individualized treatments tailored to the person's genetic makeup.

For instance, recent studies have found a connection between variants of certain gene types that regulate serotonin production and neuroplasticity in learning, and the development of anxiety disorders. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, meaning it's responsible for sending chemical messages between neurons, and the lack thereof can affect thought processes, moods, emotions, and sleep cycle, making low serotonin levels a possible indicator of an anxiety disorder. The finding regarding these particular gene types implies that people who experience anxiety could also be affected by serotonin levels, which could further explain why serotonin-boosting drugs like SSRIs are so commonly recommended as a treatment for anxiety.

Genetic predispositions alone obviously don't cause a person to develop an anxiety disorder - often times a combination of environmental stress and underlying genetics contribute to the disorder's presence. But some traits do show stronger correlations to the development of the disorder, increasing the likelihood of its presence in individuals. One example of such traits is neuroticism – the tendency to respond intensely and negatively even to insignificant causes of stress. Neuroticism has been found to have a potential 36-45% rate of being genetic in origin, and correspondingly, has been connected to an increase in the amount of symptoms experienced by those with anxiety.

Interestingly, recent inquiries have gone further in depth to examine things like temperamental differences across single families. Studies done have shown a correlation between affected members of a single family sharing similar anxiety symptoms not only because of their genetic connection, but also because of how the environment is structured within their daily lives. It can be assumed then, the way the environment of a home affects those living within it might be a foundational factor for out breaks of anxiety among the family dynamic. This means that holding attention to the familial atmosphere--such as maintaining appropriate communication patterns, to limiting levels of overt negativity or stress—may help prevent stages of intense anxiety from arising in family members.

When researching the subject further, one should always keep in mind that genetics are not the only contributing factor to why anxiety exists. Though they might increase the risk of acquiring the disorder, they do not control the individual's reaction to it. As such, it's crucial to remember that the study of genetics can push the scientific understanding of mental health forward, but should not invalidate the strength of one's presence during times of difficulty.

Though genetics may be partially to blame, ultimately the future of individual suffering from anxiety is at their fingertips. Through positive personal reflection, and understanding of their environment, those living with anxiety can holistically develop their best approach to cope. Though genetics are an often apparent factor, it does not indicate the presence of the disorder will never change. Taking the time to identify personal triggers and preemptively manage responses, one can make informed and informed decisions on how best to manage their condition.