We've all heard of the phrase "feeling around in the dark" but have you ever wondered if a cat can figuratively and literally do that, as well: eat in for its meals in a pitch black room? Could a cat find an appropriate meal and devour it without any sort of visible cues?

As it turns out, cats have an incredible sense of smell and taste to support them in their dining endeavors—even if they're surrounded by fourth wall of ambiguity. As anyone with a fondness towards felines will know, cats come equipped with a wide range of unique abilities that allow them to navigate the world around them—including in complete darkness. We know this because there are physical attributes that justify a cats superior olfactory receptors, ones more powerful than that of the average human.

Cats make use of the organ needed to achieve this feat—the Jacobson's organ—which is located in the roof of their mouths and gives cats an enhanced sense of smell due to their production of volatile organic compounds. This organ is used to gain significant knowledge about their environment, and as it turns out, also becomes instrumental when they're need to search out edibles when every source of light has been extinguished.

The anatomy of a feline's face is also massively beneficial when it comes to seeking out food, as long hair situated between their schnozzles helps keep strong aromas close to their noses, giving them the opportunity to recognize scents even in seemingly backdropping gaps.

It's far from just sensory organs that help cats locate food in the dark either. Research has proven that cats have a special set of muscles in their ears which have been designed to give them incredibly precise directional hearing. Since food sources produce not only smells, but noises too, cats can use these muscles to more effectively identify where exactly that food is located. When considering a scenario where cats eat in the dark, this gives them yet another advantage.

So now we know cats possess the necessary tools to locate their victuals, but what's stopping them from tasting their food before they found it? Well, cats also have the capability to identify objects using a version of echolocation, and this can be used to not only locate their prey, but also investigate it before proceeding.

To do this, cats essentially form a determination of what something will feel like before they pick it up, and it's through energy pulses they emit which bounce back information on texture, shape and size. With these together, they can make an on-the-spot assessment that'll allow them to distinguish food from anything else they may come across while they're in total darkness. This therefore answers the peculiar question: can cats eat in the dark? To which the answer, quite obviously, is a resounding yes.

We all know dog owners who swear that the beloved Fido can sense when something is wrong. They may say that they know when their owners are feeling down. But is there any scientific proof that these pet owners might be right? Can dogs truly sense when their owners are under stress?

Research has steadily been showing that the answer is … yes. In fact, not only can dogs sense when humans are under stress, but they can respond accordingly. The ability of animals to sense human emotion and act on it has recently been studied in birds, horses, cats, and of course, dogs.

When a human is under duress, their body releases a hormone called cortisol. Cortisol is also known as the human "stress hormone" due to its release during periods of tension. Although it is invisible (and odorless) to us humans, dogs have been found to be able to detect the presence of cortisol in a person's sweat glands. Not only this, but in an intriguing study conducted in 2012, researchers found that forty-nine professional rescue dogs –that had undergone over five months of training with members of the Swiss army– actually displayed physical signs of distress such as panting, in response to their trainer's stress.

This finding indicates that dogs have the capacity to empathize with their owners' stress levels and react accordingly. Dogs can also tell when their owners are in distress through their body language. Humans tend to exhibit certain nonverbal signs when under pressure, such as slumped shoulders, tensing jaw, and furrowing of the brow. When humans display these behaviors, our canine friends can quickly understand what we are feeling and adjust their own behavior.

But it doesn't stop there. Research has also revealed that interacting with a dog can help us to manage stress levels. Feeling connected to our pets has values benefits, lifting our moods and bringing joy into our lives. Our emotional bond, coupled with the fact that petting or stroking our four-legged friends can prompt calming physiological effects such as lower blood pressure, explains why dogs can help us relax.

The fascinating research on the emotional bond between humans and dogs continues to develop. We now know that the bond between people and their fur babies runs deep, allowing us to connect with one another even if we don't share a single word. This connection definitely has the capacity to transcend species boundaries and last lifetimes. So keep that in mind the next time you come across a pet owner. Just because their furry friend isn't verbalizing it doesn't mean that they aren't sensitive to your emotional state. Chances are, the answer is yes, Fido can sense when you're stressed and is ready to offer some comfort.

When it comes to life expectancy, bigger isn't always better when it comes to canine companions. In the world of dogs, small breeds have greater longevity than their larger counterparts—some living up to twice as long. Many factors could be responsible for this phenomenon, but one thing's for sure: some furry friends are around longer than others.

Size definitely matters when it comes to canine lifespans. One downer of owning a large breed pooch is that they usually have comparatively shorter lifespans due to their size. Now, this isn't a universal rule and there are exceptions. Some small breeds, such as the Shih Tzu, are fairly short-lived, while some large breeds live uncommonly longer lives. But in general, the smaller the dog, the greater the chance for longevity. This difference in life span means that if you own a smaller dog, you're more likely to get more hours of tail wagging and kibbles and bits for your buck.

So why do smaller dogs live longer? Well, when it comes to longevity, size does matter. One explanation for this can be boiled down to basic biology and genetics. The larger a dog is, the more metabolic activity it has to undertake. Dogs with big bodies require extra energy in order to properly sustain themselves and this zaps their life force more quickly over time, leading to a shorter lifespan. It's an issue of effort versus reward — those dainty dogs take less effort to maintain their bodies and so can direct their energy towards living longer lives.

Smaller dogs may initially require less energy simply just because their size limits how much energy they expend on their bodily functions; however, genetics may also play a significant role in their longer lifespans. Breeds naturally predisposed to produce smaller sizes require fewer metabolic activities in order to sustain their shorter heights and weigh less. Thus these slender varieties require fewer caloric requirements throughout the day and thus generally outlive bigger breeds.

What potential psychological benefits may explain why smaller dogs live longer? The answer lies in attention span — or rather, lack thereof! Smaller sized pooches are often more active and curious than large breeds due to their smaller stature — they're able to make use of overlooked nooks and crannies that larger breeds have no way of squeezing into. Because small dogs remain mentally challenged throughout their entire lives due to their continuously curious antics and physical ability to explore, small dogs often experience less overall stress than larger canines whose size can limit their activities and explorations. And what does stress reduction mean? Longer life spans! In addition, because small breeds age on a more gradual scale, there is less of an apparent decline in physical and cognitive capacity with aging which is known to lead to shorter lifespans.

There are many things that factor into why some small dogs live longer than others — from genetics and biology to lifestyle and psychology — the important thing for any loving pup parent is to appreciate every tail wag, romp around the yard and biscuit-snatching moment together.

When facing a life lived on the streets, many homeless individuals struggle to find solace in their situation. For those struggling with addiction, mental illness and extreme poverty, comfort and companionship is frequently hard to come by. Despite these stifling obstacles, nearly 6-24% of homeless people have access to an unlikely source of comfort and fulfillment- owning a pet. It's a reminder that those without shelter can still feel a kinship with loyal animals, and while the trend highlights some of the grim realities of homelessness, it speaks to the power of animal companionship, no matter the context.

The connection between pets and homeless people is complex, but in most cases, that bond is strong. Pets can provide physical benefits to homeless people such as warmth and security, as well as psychological rewards like trust and unconditional love. The homeless often put their animals' lives first and will feed them before they feed themselves, which speaks to both the level of care and the amount of dependency the bond creates. Though financially and emotionally taxing, it represents an unparalleled sense of loyalty for two very different beings.

The prevalence of homeless people with pet ownership has sparked conversations about how we ought to interact with animals across all socio-economic backgrounds. It's making us realize that animals are loving creatures not bound by social norms or constructs, guided simply by their hearts. Even in tough times, they can nurture lasting relationships with a wide range of humans.

This trend speaks to the importance of humane societies and shelter programs, which allow homeless and disadvantaged people to reap the rewards of having a pet without the risk of exploitation. Shelters and adoption centers should also continue to provide educational resources on proper pet care and animal health. It's important to remember that all animals need nutritious food and appropriate veterinary care in order to thrive.

The unique bond between homeless people and pets may be difficult to navigate through society's eyes, but it's an important reminder of the strength of the human-animal connection and the ways in which animals can positively impact our lives. Though it's an unpredictable situation, homeless people with pets are still capable of providing love and affection to their animal companions — and in return, these pets provide genuine solace. In a world where so many feel isolated and alone, the homeless-pet relationship shines a light on the resilience of the human spirit and our unyielding connection with animals.

It’s a special moment when a person and their dog share a unique bond – one of complete trust and devotion. But how can you tell if your pup has imprinted on you? The following signs should help you distinguish if your four-legged friend has developed a strong emotional attachment to you, their human.

If your pup is constantly happy to see you, then they’re likely attached to you. Whenever you come through the door, no matter how long you’ve been away, your pup will jump up and down in joy with a fabled wagging tail. If a classic greeting isn’t quite so classic anymore – it may be because your pup loves to welcome you home as soon as possible.

When it comes to finding comfort, your canine pal will look towards you whenever they need a pick-me-up. Unfamiliar situations or experiences can be scary for pets, and your dog may let you know by cuddling up close or hindering onto your lap. Your presence can bring a calming reminder that everything will be okay – and that you’ll get through any challenging roadblocks together.

Another surefire sign is attention-seeking behaviours. Although most of us believe our pets bark and whine for no reason at all, it’s actually a cry for companionship and love. Whether it’s for a walk, playtime, or just tender loving care, don’t be surprised to hear some vocal demands from your pup. After all, an inseparable bond means they’re not afraid to voice their desires.

The strongest sign of bonding is loyalty. A canine cohort will continuously demonstrate their unwavering devotion, even when times are tough. This type of attachment won’t waver or die, even if you relocate, or grandma takes over the reigns of puppy duties on the weekend. With an intense sense of affection, although it’s mutual, it’s clear who the favoured pawsome companion is.

When a pup has a strong bond and connection with someone, there is no limit for the unconditional love and devotion that it can give. If your fur-baby exhibits these signs then nature has done its job – it’s likely that your dog has imprinted on you! As a result, you both have formed a powerful human-animal bond – one that won’t ever break.

Cats are beloved pets, and most people don't think twice about giving them unconditional love and care. But cats, like any other creature, need to express their opinion to feel safe and secure. Allow your feline friends to have their say, and make sure that they consent with how you treat them, and they will reward you with happiness.

Cats are a special kind of pet that exude an enigmatic charm and can make the most wary of heart swell with love. Most cat owners regard the relationship with their felines like family--they lavish their cats with attention and enjoy spending time together. From playing, snuggling, or just enjoying each other’s company, there are many ways that cats and their humans can create memorable moments of joy.

Yet, although cats often seem oblivious and aloof to us, they still have their own needs and wants when it comes to being cared for and treated. Allowing cats to have their say is one way to make sure that their needs are met and to form strong bonds, as well as ensuring that they trust and feel safe around their human companions. Listening to their needs and preferences allows the cats to have a sense of control over their environment and facilitates positive, healthy relationships between cats and humans alike.

Engaging in conversations with cats is one way to get a sense of what they consider important. Cats often communicate through meows, mews, and purrs. Those conversations can offer insights into what cats are thinking, feeling, and wanting. For instance, if a cat expresses displeasure through meowing and growling after being petted, then it's likely that the petting was too much for them. On the other hand, if a cat meows in anticipation when it’s time for their meals, then providing the food that they enjoy will garner a positive response.

It’s also important to understand that cats’ consent is much more than simply trading verbal responses. Body language is essential, because it allows cats and humans to share their feelings without words. Some common signs of consent include: relaxed posture, contented facial expressions, soft eyes, purring, head-butting and rubbing, and playful behavior. Conversely, twitching tails, crouching, hiding, yowling, and scratching can all signify distress or lack of consent.

When cats feel trusted, respected and in control, it encourages better behaviors from both cats and humans. Ensuring that cats’ consent is taken into account makes it easier for them to cooperate when performing activities that could initially cause some discomfort. For example, cats may require regular checkups or medical attention, or be involved in curiosity-driven activities or games. When cats know that their humans will respect their boundaries and listen to their expressions, it makes the process easier for both parties.

When cats are allowed to express themselves, it also strengthens the bond between cats and humans, leading to a more harmonious relationship and happier cats overall. It’s important to remember that cats communicate not only through language but also through body language, and that they need to express their opinion in order to feel safe and secure. Acknowledging the cats’ perspectives can foster trust and understanding, and lead to healthier and more fulfilling relationships.

Consenting cats are happier cats, and it’s important to remember to take your cats’ opinions into account when showing them love and care. By respecting their consent, your relationship with cats can be even more rewarding and you’ll reap irrefutable benefits.

The size of a dog can play a huge role in how people treat them. Although most people would consider big dogs more intimidating than small dogs, there are a variety of reasons why people may prefer to own and interact with a little dog as opposed to a big one. The idea that currently exists is that small dogs are treated differently than big dogs -- whether it be being given more attention, being handled with more care, or even getting preferential treatment when it comes to things like travelling.

When considering whether people do, in fact, treat little dogs differently than big dogs, certain factors must be taken into account. These factors include the amount of attention and care given, the travel opportunities each type of dog may receive, and even the ability of different sized dogs to live in various locations. While it is true that overall people may have less fear of small dogs due to their size, it is also important to take into account the different personalities and needs of individual animals when considering whether they are subject to different treatment.

When it comes to attention and care, many pet owners are more inclined to lavish more affection on their smaller canine companions than their larger ones. This could be because small dogs tend to be easier to handle and steer when taking them for a walk, for instance. They are often easier to pick up and carry, helping to make them less intimidating to some people. In addition, owning a small dog may create an “attention cascade” phenomenon, whereby owners will shower their pet with additional love and affection simply because they are tiny and considered to be cute and precious.

Also, when it comes to travelling, people may be more likely to take a smaller dog with them than a bigger one. For example, if someone rents a car, they might be more likely to take their Chihuahua along for a ride than a Doberman Pinscher. Similarly, a person travelling on public transportation would be much more likely to take a small dog along since it would be easier to manage. The portability of a small dog can give them access to places and experiences that a big dog just cannot enjoy.

Aside from the social aspect of how people interact with small dogs, there are also a variety of environmental factors which could affect how dogs are treated. For example, many areas have laws in place which restrict the size of animals that are allowed inside a home or apartment building – meaning that a large breed would not be able to live with someone in a certain type of housing. This means that people with certain living arrangements may find that they are limited to owning a small dog in order to comply with local regulations.

While it may be true that people do treat little dogs differently than big dogs, it is also important to keep in mind all the factors that go into deciding how much attention or care an individual animal gets. Taking into account individual personalities, travel opportunities, and living arrangements is essential in determining whether or not people will favor one breed over another. Also, it’s worth noting that regardless of size, all dogs require the same amount of attention, consistency, and commitment from their owners if they are to grow into well-adjusted members of their family.

Having a pet can be a huge responsibility but in some cases, particularly when it comes to dogs, having a pet can become even more demanding. Owners of dogs have a huge responsibility when it comes to hosting, ensuring their pet is taken care of and is on its best behaviour. Without respecting the responsibilities of dog ownership, inviting guests over can become a nightmare! That is why it's important to be aware of all the different responsibilities dog owners have when opening their homes to others.

First and foremost, owners need to ensure the safety of both their pet and the visitors. A pet dog should have all their shots up to date and owners should assess any risks associated with the presence of their pet in the house. It is also important to consider if any visitor has allergies that could be triggered by being in the same house as a pet and make sure that the environment is prepared accordingly. Additionally, dog owners must also think of laying down rules for visitors to follow such as not to feed the animal or take it for walks without permission.

It is also essential for owners to know how to control their pet’s behaviour if it gets too rowdy or aggressive. Dogs should be well-trained and respond to verbal commands from their owner’s in order to ensure order and mutual respect when people come over. If necessary, owners might also want to look into getting a muzzle for the pet, especially if it is big and known to misbehave. Furthermore, it would be wise to designate a spot in the house as a safe area, away from the visitors, which the dog can go to if it feels overwhelmed or uncomfortable.

Owners also have to remember to clean up after their pet leaves any messes behind. Cleaning up after the pet is a show of respect towards those who come over and will likely make them much more willing to enter a space where a pet lives. Keeping their pet’s living space immaculate will also be beneficial for the long-term health of their pet and it is a good habit for an owner to develop when sharing their home with others.

Finally, owners must remember to be mindful of how their pet interacts with visitors and be watchful of its reactions. If the animal appears scared or aggressive, then the owner should be prepared to intervene and limit any interactions between the pet and guests. Even if the animal appears calm, owners should still be sure to keep an eye out and never let their pet roam free while visitors are in the house. Making sure the pet remains near its owner is the best way to ensure it wont cause any trouble.

By understanding and following these responsibilities, dog owners can help make sure the experience of hosting visitors with a pet is a positive and harmonious one. Taking the time to plan out the hosting experience and lay down the ground rules will end up saving everyone involved from potential problems in the future. Being aware of the large responsibilities of pet ownership is an important part of setting your pet and your home up for success.

Dogs are known to be man's best friend. However, as much as we love them, sometimes our furry friends can have behaviors that are not so friendly, such as stealing food or other items. Stealing can be a frustrating and sometimes dangerous behavior that can cause harm to your dog or those around them. But the good news is that this behavior can be corrected with the right training and tools. In this article, we will share some tips to help your dog become a better canine citizen and put an end to their stealing habits.

Understand Why Your Dog Steals: Before you start correcting your dog's stealing behavior, it's important to understand why they are doing it. Dogs can steal for a variety of reasons, including boredom, hunger, anxiety, or even a lack of training. Once you know the underlying cause of their behavior, you can better address the issue.

Provide Enough Exercise and Mental Stimulation: One of the primary reasons dogs steal is boredom or a lack of mental stimulation. Dogs that don't get enough exercise and mental stimulation are more likely to engage in destructive behaviors such as stealing. To prevent this, ensure your dog gets enough exercise every day. Regular walks, runs, and games of fetch can help keep your dog active and prevent boredom. Additionally, providing mental stimulation through toys, puzzles, or training sessions can keep your dog's mind engaged and help reduce their urge to steal.

Teach Basic Commands: Training your dog basic commands such as "leave it," "drop it," and "stay" can help prevent stealing behavior. These commands can help your dog understand what is acceptable behavior and what is not. For example, if your dog starts to steal food from the table, use the "leave it" command to redirect their attention. With practice, your dog will learn that stealing is not an acceptable behavior.

Keep Food and Other Tempting Items Out of Reach: Another way to prevent stealing behavior is to keep tempting items out of your dog's reach. This includes food, toys, and other items that your dog may be attracted to. Keeping these items out of reach can help prevent your dog from engaging in stealing behavior. Additionally, using child locks or other barriers can prevent your dog from accessing areas where tempting items are kept.

Correct Bad Behavior: When your dog engages in stealing behavior, it's important to correct their behavior immediately. However, it's important to do this in a way that doesn't harm your dog or cause them to become fearful or aggressive. A firm "no" or "drop it" command can be effective in stopping your dog's behavior. It's also important to reward your dog for good behavior to reinforce positive habits.

Use Positive Reinforcement: Positive reinforcement is a powerful tool for training dogs. When your dog exhibits good behavior, reward them with praise, treats, or other incentives. Positive reinforcement can help reinforce good behavior and encourage your dog to continue engaging in positive behaviors. Over time, your dog will learn that good behavior is rewarded, and they will be more likely to engage in positive habits.

Stealing behavior in dogs can be frustrating and potentially dangerous. However, with the right training and tools, you can help your dog become a better canine citizen and put an end to their stealing habits. Remember to provide enough exercise and mental stimulation, teach basic commands, keep tempting items out of reach, correct bad behavior, and use positive reinforcement. With time and patience, your dog can become a well-behaved and respectful member of your family.

As a pet owner, it can be difficult to reconcile our love for our furry friends with the needs and fears of our guests. While some guests may welcome the presence of friendly dogs, others may be deathly afraid, and it's essential to find a way to balance hospitality with safety and respect.

If you're faced with a guest who has a fear of dogs, here are some things to consider:

Take their fear seriously: It's essential to take your guest's fear seriously and not dismiss it as irrational or silly. Phobias and fears are real and can cause significant distress and discomfort for those experiencing them. Have an open and honest conversation: Communication is key when it comes to accommodating a guest's fear of dogs. Have an open and honest conversation with your guest about their fear and what accommodations you can make to help them feel more comfortable.

Consider their needs: Depending on the severity of your guest's fear, you may need to make some accommodations to ensure their safety and comfort. This could include keeping your dogs in a separate area of the house or outside during the guest's visit, or even finding alternate accommodations for the dogs during the guest's stay. Respect your dogs' needs: While it's important to accommodate your guest's fear, it's also important to consider your dogs' needs. Dogs are social creatures and may become anxious or distressed if they're kept away from their family or forced to stay outside for extended periods.

Seek professional help if necessary. If your guest's fear of dogs is severe, it may be necessary to seek professional help. A therapist or counselor may be able to help your guest work through their fear and develop coping strategies. The decision of how far to go to accommodate a guest's fear of dogs will depend on a range of factors, including the severity of the fear, the needs of the guest and the dogs, and your own personal beliefs and values.

It's important to remember that while it's essential to be accommodating and respectful of your guest's fear, it's also crucial to respect your own needs and the needs of your pets. If you feel that the accommodations required to accommodate your guest's fear would be too disruptive to your own life or the life of your pets, it's okay to respectfully decline the request or suggest alternate accommodations.

Navigating a guest's fear of dogs can be challenging, but with open communication, respect, and empathy, it's possible to find a solution that balances hospitality and safety. Whether it's keeping your dogs in a separate area of the house or finding alternate accommodations, the key is to work together with your guest to find a solution that meets everyone's needs. By doing so, you can ensure that your guests feel welcome and comfortable while also respecting the needs of your furry family members.

As a dog owner, it is essential to make sure that your furry friend is safe and healthy. However, there are some everyday habits that you might not even realize are putting your dog in danger. From leaving harmful substances within reach to ignoring warning signs of illness, here are ten normal habits that could endanger your dog.

Leaving Hazardous Substances Within Reach

Your dog's natural curiosity can lead them to explore anything they come across, including toxic substances. Make sure you keep chemicals, medications, and cleaning products out of reach of your dog. Ensure that the trash cans are secure and avoid leaving food on the counter that could be harmful to your dog.

Not Securing Your Dog While Driving

Having your dog roam freely in the car can be a dangerous distraction. Ensure that your dog is properly secured while driving. You can use a dog seat belt or a crate to secure your dog in place.

Not Keeping Up with Vaccinations

Vaccinations are essential in preventing your dog from contracting illnesses. Make sure you keep up with your dog's vaccinations to keep them safe from diseases.

Ignoring Signs of Illness

Dogs can't tell you when they're feeling sick. It's up to you to monitor your dog's behavior and take them to the vet if you notice any changes in their behavior or appetite.

Leaving Your Dog Outside in Extreme Weather

Dogs are susceptible to extreme weather conditions just like humans. Leaving them outside in extreme weather can lead to dehydration, heatstroke, or frostbite. Make sure your dog has a comfortable place to stay in the house during extreme weather conditions.

Overfeeding Your Dog

Overfeeding your dog can lead to obesity, which can cause various health problems. Ensure that you are feeding your dog the right amount of food and avoid giving them human food, which can be harmful.

Skipping Regular Exercise

Regular exercise is essential in keeping your dog healthy and happy. Skipping regular exercise can lead to obesity and other health problems. Ensure that you are taking your dog for regular walks and playtime.

Not Grooming Your Dog Regularly

Grooming your dog is not just about keeping them looking good. Regular grooming is essential in preventing skin infections and keeping your dog comfortable.

Allowing Your Dog to Chew on Inappropriate Items

Dogs love to chew on things, but allowing them to chew on inappropriate items such as electrical cords or furniture can be dangerous. Make sure you provide your dog with safe and appropriate chew toys.

Not Training Your Dog

Proper training is essential in keeping your dog safe. Ensure that your dog understands basic commands such as "come" and "stay," and avoid leaving them unsupervised in potentially dangerous situations.

Owning a dog comes with a lot of responsibilities, and ensuring their safety is one of them. These ten everyday habits may seem harmless, but they could potentially put your beloved dog at risk. By avoiding these habits and taking proactive measures to keep your dog safe, you can ensure that your furry friend is happy, healthy, and protected. Remember, prevention is key in keeping your dog safe from harm. Take the time to educate yourself on potential hazards and take the necessary steps to protect your dog. This includes keeping harmful substances out of reach, providing a comfortable living environment, and keeping up with regular checkups and vaccinations.

As a responsible pet owner, it's your duty to prioritize your dog's health and safety. By avoiding these ten everyday habits that could endanger your dog, you can ensure that your furry friend lives a long, healthy, and happy life. So take the necessary steps today to protect your dog and enjoy the rewarding experience of being a loving and caring dog owner.

For many of us, the image of a cat lapping up a bowl of milk is an iconic one. But as cat owners, it's important to question whether or not this common practice is actually good for our feline friends. In this article, we will explore the debate surrounding cats and milk, and provide information to help you make an informed decision about whether or not to offer milk to your cat.

Why Do Cats Drink Milk?

Cats are natural carnivores, and their bodies are designed to consume a diet high in protein and fat. While milk may seem like a natural choice for a cat's diet, it's important to remember that milk is not a natural part of a cat's diet in the wild. In fact, many cats are lactose intolerant and cannot digest milk properly.

So why do cats drink milk in the first place? It's likely that this behavior is rooted in their kittenhood. Mother cats produce milk to nourish their young, and kittens drink milk exclusively until they are weaned onto solid food. As a result, cats may associate the taste of milk with the comfort and security of their early life.

Is Milk Safe for Cats?

While cats may enjoy the taste of milk, it's important to remember that cow's milk is not an essential part of their diet. In fact, many cats are lactose intolerant, which means that they cannot digest lactose, a sugar found in milk. This can lead to gastrointestinal upset, including diarrhea and vomiting.

In addition, cow's milk is not nutritionally complete for cats. It does not provide the necessary vitamins and minerals that cats need to maintain a healthy diet. As a result, offering milk as a regular part of a cat's diet can lead to malnutrition and other health problems.

What Should Cats Drink Instead?

If you're looking for an alternative to milk, there are several options that are safe and healthy for your cat. The most important thing to remember is that cats need to consume plenty of water to stay hydrated. Make sure that your cat has access to fresh, clean water at all times.

In addition to water, you can offer your cat a high-quality wet or dry cat food that is specifically designed to meet their nutritional needs. These foods are formulated to provide all of the necessary vitamins and minerals that cats need to maintain a healthy diet.

If you're looking for a special treat for your cat, consider offering a small amount of plain, cooked chicken or fish. These protein-rich foods are safe for cats to eat in moderation and can provide a tasty alternative to milk.

While cats may enjoy the taste of milk, it's important to remember that it is not a natural part of their diet. Many cats are lactose intolerant and cannot digest milk properly, which can lead to gastrointestinal upset and other health problems. Instead, focus on providing your cat with plenty of fresh, clean water and a high-quality cat food that is specifically designed to meet their nutritional needs. If you want to offer a special treat, consider offering a small amount of plain, cooked chicken or fish. By prioritizing your cat's nutritional needs, you can help ensure that they live a long, healthy, and happy life.

Cats are known for their playful and curious nature. They love to chase, pounce, and wrestle with each other, often leaving their owners wondering whether they are playing or fighting. In this article, we will explore the different types of feline behavior and how to determine whether your cats are playing, fighting, or unsure.

Types of Feline Behavior

There are three main types of feline behavior: play behavior, aggressive behavior, and fearful or defensive behavior. Understanding these behaviors can help you determine whether your cats are engaging in healthy play or are in the midst of a conflict.

Play Behavior

Play behavior is a normal and healthy part of feline behavior. Kittens engage in play behavior to learn important social and physical skills, such as hunting and self-defense. Adult cats also engage in play behavior, which helps them to stay active and engaged, and can strengthen the bond between cats who live together.

Common types of play behavior include chasing, wrestling, batting at each other, and biting without causing harm. Play behavior is typically initiated by one cat and is reciprocated by the other cat. Cats engaged in play behavior may also exhibit signs of relaxation and enjoyment, such as purring and rolling onto their back.

Aggressive Behavior

Aggressive behavior, on the other hand, is not healthy or normal feline behavior. It is typically characterized by one or both cats exhibiting signs of aggression, such as hissing, growling, biting, and scratching. Aggressive behavior is often initiated by one cat, and the other cat may respond by either trying to defend themselves or by retreating.

There are several reasons why cats may exhibit aggressive behavior towards each other, including territorial disputes, resource guarding, and fear or anxiety. If left unchecked, aggressive behavior can escalate and result in serious injury to one or both cats.

Fearful or Defensive Behavior

Fearful or defensive behavior is another type of feline behavior that can be mistaken for aggressive behavior. This type of behavior is typically characterized by one cat exhibiting signs of fear or anxiety, such as cowering, hiding, or hissing. The other cat may respond by either ignoring the fearful cat or by attempting to approach them.

Cats may exhibit fearful or defensive behavior in response to a perceived threat, such as the introduction of a new cat or changes in their environment. It is important to give cats space and time to adjust to new situations, and to provide a safe and secure environment where they can feel comfortable and relaxed.

How to Determine Whether Your Cats are Playing, Fighting, or Unsure

Determining whether your cats are playing, fighting, or unsure can be challenging, as the behaviors can look similar at times. However, there are several signs to look for that can help you determine which behavior is occurring.

During play behavior, cats will typically take turns being the "aggressor" and the "victim". They may also exhibit relaxed body language, such as rolling onto their back and showing their belly. Play behavior should not result in any injuries, and cats should be able to stop the behavior at any time.

During aggressive behavior, one or both cats may exhibit signs of aggression, such as hissing, growling, biting, and scratching. The behavior may escalate quickly and can result in injuries to one or both cats. It is important to separate cats who are exhibiting aggressive behavior and to seek the help of a professional if the behavior continues.

During fearful or defensive behavior, one cat may exhibit signs of fear or anxiety, such as cowering, hiding, or hissing. The other cat may attempt to approach the fearful cat, but may also exhibit signs of caution, such as moving slowly or keeping a distance.

Understanding feline behavior can help you better understand whether your cats are playing, fighting, or unsure. Play behavior is a normal and healthy part of feline behavior, while aggressive behavior and fearful or defensive behavior are not. It is important to provide a safe and secure environment for your cats, to give them space and time to adjust to new situations, and to seek the help of a professional if any behavior becomes a concern.

In conclusion, cats are fascinating creatures with unique and complex personalities. By understanding their behavior and providing them with a safe and stimulating environment, you can help ensure that they live happy and healthy lives. Remember to always monitor your cats when they are interacting with each other and to intervene if any behavior becomes a concern. With patience and understanding, you can develop a strong bond with your feline companions and provide them with a fulfilling and enriching life.

Dogs are beloved members of our families, providing companionship, joy, and love. But just like humans, dogs have their own needs and requirements for a happy and fulfilled life. As pet owners, it's our responsibility to ensure that our furry friends have everything they need to thrive. To help us understand what our dogs need, we spoke to an expert dog trainer, who shared the three essential things that all dogs need for a happier and calmer life.

Exercise

Dogs are natural athletes and need plenty of exercise to stay healthy and happy. According to our expert trainer, "exercise is key to a dog's mental and physical wellbeing." Regular exercise not only keeps dogs physically fit but also helps to release endorphins, which can reduce stress and anxiety. Exercise also provides an outlet for dogs to expend their energy, preventing destructive behaviors such as chewing and digging.

The amount of exercise a dog needs varies depending on their breed, age, and health status. For example, a young, energetic Labrador Retriever may need several hours of exercise per day, while an older, arthritic dog may need shorter, gentler walks. As a pet owner, it's essential to understand your dog's needs and provide them with the appropriate amount of exercise.

Mental Stimulation

Dogs are intelligent creatures and need mental stimulation to stay mentally healthy and happy. According to our expert trainer, "dogs are happiest when they're challenged." Mental stimulation can come in many forms, including puzzle toys, training sessions, and interactive games.

Puzzle toys are a great way to challenge a dog's problem-solving skills and keep them entertained. These toys typically involve hiding treats or food inside a container, which the dog must figure out how to retrieve. Training sessions, such as obedience or agility training, can also provide dogs with mental stimulation and help to strengthen the bond between pet and owner. Interactive games, such as fetch or tug-of-war, are also great ways to engage a dog's mind and body.

Love and Attention

Perhaps the most essential thing that a dog needs to be happy and calm is love and attention from their owner. Our expert trainer emphasizes that "dogs are social creatures and need to feel loved and valued." Dogs crave human interaction and thrive on positive reinforcement.

Providing love and attention to a dog can take many forms, from cuddles on the couch to consistent training and praise. It's essential to spend quality time with your dog each day, engaging in activities that they enjoy and providing plenty of positive reinforcement. This can include treats, verbal praise, and physical affection. Consistency is key when it comes to providing love and attention to your dog, as it helps to build trust and strengthen the bond between pet and owner.

Providing for a dog's physical and emotional needs is essential for their happiness and wellbeing. Exercise, mental stimulation, and love and attention are the three key things that all dogs need to be happier and calmer. As pet owners, it's our responsibility to understand our dog's needs and provide them with the appropriate care and attention. By doing so, we can ensure that our furry friends live happy, fulfilled lives.

Dogs are known for their loyalty, affection, and playfulness. They are considered to be man's best friend and have been domesticated for thousands of years. While we may think we know a lot about dogs, one question that often arises is whether dogs can smile.

We humans use our facial expressions to communicate our emotions to others, and we often interpret similar expressions in dogs as a sign of happiness or affection. But is this really the case? Do dogs actually smile, or are we simply projecting our own emotions onto them? In this article, we will explore the science behind canine facial expressions and try to answer the question: do dogs smile?

Understanding Canine Facial Expressions

Dogs use their facial expressions to communicate their emotions to other dogs and humans. While we may think of a wagging tail as a sign of happiness, dogs' facial expressions are just as important in conveying their emotional state.

According to a study published in the journal Animal Cognition, dogs have specific facial expressions that they use to communicate with humans. These expressions include raising their eyebrows, making their eyes appear larger, and showing their front teeth. These facial expressions are similar to those used by humans to convey surprise, happiness, and excitement.

However, it is important to note that dogs' facial expressions can also be influenced by other factors, such as fear, anxiety, and aggression. Therefore, interpreting a dog's facial expression requires careful observation and an understanding of their body language and behavior.

Do Dogs Smile?

While dogs may use facial expressions to communicate their emotions, the question remains: do they actually smile? The answer is not as straightforward as a simple yes or no.

Some experts argue that dogs do not smile in the same way that humans do, as they lack the ability to express emotions in the same complex way that we do. Others believe that dogs do smile, but their version of a smile may look different from ours.

One theory is that dogs may show their teeth in what appears to be a smile as a sign of submission or appeasement. In this context, a dog's "smile" may be a way of showing that they are not a threat and are willing to be friendly.

Another theory is that dogs may show a "smile" as a sign of pleasure or excitement. This may be accompanied by other behaviors such as wagging their tail, jumping up and down, or making happy noises.

Regardless of the reason behind a dog's facial expression, it is important to remember that each dog is an individual with their own personality and communication style. What may appear to be a smile in one dog may not necessarily mean the same thing in another.

Interpreting Canine Facial Expressions

While we may not be able to definitively say whether dogs can smile, it is important to be able to interpret their facial expressions and body language in order to communicate with them effectively.

A dog's body language can provide important clues to their emotional state, including their ears, tail, and posture. For example, a dog with a relaxed body posture, loose tail, and ears held in a neutral position is likely feeling calm and content.

On the other hand, a dog with a stiff body posture, raised tail, and ears held back may be feeling anxious, fearful, or aggressive. Understanding these subtle cues can help prevent miscommunication between humans and dogs, and can even help prevent dog bites.

The question of whether dogs can smile is one that has puzzled experts and dog lovers alike. While some argue that dogs do not have the same complex emotional capacity as humans, others believe that dogs do indeed use facial expressions to communicate their emotions, including what may appear to be a smile.

Regardless of the debate around dogs' ability to smile, it is clear that they communicate with humans and other dogs through a variety of facial expressions and body language cues. Understanding and interpreting these cues is essential to building a strong relationship with your dog and can even prevent miscommunication and potential harm.

Ultimately, whether you believe that dogs can smile or not, one thing is certain: they are loving, loyal companions who bring joy and happiness to millions of people around the world.

Regenerate response

Dogs have been called man's best friend for a reason. These loyal and affectionate companions are capable of bringing joy and happiness to their owners' lives. But did you know that dog owners can also read their furry friends' emotions based on their behavior? Recent research has shed light on the science behind canine emotions and how dog owners can interpret their pooch's mood.

Dogs communicate their emotions through a variety of signals, including body language, vocalizations, and facial expressions. By paying attention to these cues, dog owners can gain insight into their dog's emotional state and respond accordingly.

One study published in the journal Animal Cognition found that dog owners were able to accurately identify their dog's emotional state based on its behavior. The study involved 187 dog owners who watched videos of their dogs and were asked to identify whether their dog was feeling happy, sad, or neutral.

The results showed that dog owners were able to correctly identify their dog's emotional state more often than chance. For example, when dogs were feeling happy, their tails would wag, and they would be more likely to engage in play behavior. When they were feeling sad, they were more likely to show signs of lethargy and decreased appetite.

Other studies have shown that dogs use facial expressions to communicate their emotions. Researchers at the University of Portsmouth in the UK found that dogs use their facial muscles to make different expressions, much like humans do. The study found that dogs were more likely to raise their eyebrows when they were feeling happy and were less likely to do so when they were feeling sad.

Understanding your dog's emotions can also help you build a stronger bond with your pet. When you are able to recognize when your dog is feeling happy, sad, or anxious, you can respond in a way that is supportive and comforting. For example, if your dog is feeling anxious, you can provide a safe and quiet space for them to relax and calm down.

In addition to body language and facial expressions, dogs also communicate their emotions through vocalizations. For example, a dog may bark or growl when they are feeling threatened or scared. By paying attention to these vocalizations, dog owners can better understand their dog's emotional state and respond accordingly.

It's important to note that while dogs are capable of expressing a range of emotions, they do not experience emotions in the same way humans do. Dogs do not experience complex emotions like guilt or shame, and their emotional range is more limited than that of humans.

Dogs are incredibly expressive creatures, and they communicate their emotions through a variety of cues, including body language, facial expressions, and vocalizations. By paying attention to these cues, dog owners can gain insight into their dog's emotional state and respond in a way that is supportive and comforting. Understanding your dog's emotions can also help you build a stronger bond with your furry friend. So the next time you're spending time with your pooch, pay attention to their behavior and try to interpret their emotional state - it may surprise you what you learn!

For many pet owners, sharing the bed with their furry friends is a common practice. While the idea of snuggling up with your pet may seem cozy and comforting, there are several reasons why this habit may not be the best idea. In this article, we'll explore five reasons why you should not be sleeping with your pet.

Sleep Disturbance Pets can be disruptive to sleep, especially if they move around frequently, snore, or make other noises during the night. This can lead to a decrease in sleep quality, which can have negative effects on your overall health and well-being. It's important to prioritize getting a good night's sleep to function well during the day.

Allergies Sleeping with a pet can exacerbate allergies, which can cause symptoms such as sneezing, coughing, and itchy eyes. This can be especially problematic for individuals with asthma or other respiratory issues. It's important to keep the sleeping environment clean and free of allergens to reduce the risk of allergic reactions.

Hygiene Concerns Pets can carry bacteria and parasites that can be harmful to humans. Sleeping with your pet can increase your risk of contracting these infections. Additionally, pets can shed fur, dander, and other debris that can accumulate in your bedding and affect your hygiene.

Behavioral Issues Sleeping with your pet can lead to behavioral issues, such as separation anxiety or aggression. This is because pets can become overly dependent on their owners and may feel distressed when separated. It's important to establish boundaries and encourage independence in pets to prevent these issues from arising.

Relationship Strain Sharing a bed with a pet can put a strain on romantic relationships. It can be difficult for couples to get intimate when a pet is present in the bed, and disagreements over pet-related issues can cause conflict. It's important to communicate openly with your partner and establish boundaries around pet behavior in the bedroom.

While the idea of sleeping with your pet may seem appealing, there are several reasons why it's not a good idea. From hygiene concerns to sleep disturbance and relationship strain, there are many potential downsides to sharing a bed with your furry friend. It's important to prioritize your own health and well-being, as well as that of your pet, when making decisions about sleeping arrangements. By establishing boundaries and encouraging independence, you can still enjoy the love and companionship of your pet while maintaining a healthy sleep environment.

If you've ever seen a dog suddenly burst into a frenzy of running, jumping, and spinning, you've witnessed the phenomenon known as "zoomies." Zoomies, also called "frenetic random activity periods" or FRAPs, are a common behavior among dogs, especially puppies and young dogs. But what do they mean? Are they a sign of a happy, playful dog, or a sign of a dog gone crazy? In this article, we'll explore the reasons behind zoomies and what they can tell us about our furry friends.

What Are Zoomies?

Zoomies are sudden, high-energy bursts of activity that dogs engage in for no apparent reason. They may run in circles, jump up and down, or spin around in place. Zoomies can happen indoors or outdoors, and they can last anywhere from a few seconds to several minutes. Dogs of all breeds and sizes can experience zoomies, but they are most commonly seen in puppies and young dogs.

Why Do Dogs Get Zoomies?

Zoomies are a natural behavior for dogs and are often a sign of pent-up energy or excitement. Dogs who are bored or under-stimulated may experience zoomies as a way to release their excess energy. Similarly, dogs who have been cooped up inside for too long may experience zoomies as a way to burn off their excess energy and excitement.

Zoomies can also be triggered by playtime or social interactions. Dogs who are having fun with other dogs or their owners may suddenly break into a bout of zoomies as a way to express their excitement and joy.

Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog?

In most cases, zoomies are a sign of a happy, playful dog. Dogs who are experiencing zoomies are usually wagging their tails and have a look of joy and excitement on their faces. They may also make playful barks or growls as they run and jump.

Zoomies can be a sign that a dog is feeling relaxed and comfortable in their environment. Dogs who feel safe and happy in their surroundings are more likely to engage in zoomies as a way to express their joy and playfulness.

Are Zoomies a Sign of a Crazy Dog?

While zoomies are usually a harmless and natural behavior for dogs, they can sometimes be a sign of a more serious issue. Dogs who experience zoomies too frequently or too intensely may be experiencing anxiety, stress, or even pain.

Some dogs may also experience zoomies as a result of a medical issue, such as epilepsy or a thyroid condition. If your dog's zoomies seem excessive or out of control, it's important to talk to your vet to rule out any underlying medical conditions.

How to Manage Zoomies

While zoomies are usually a harmless behavior, they can sometimes become a nuisance or even dangerous, especially if they happen in a small or crowded space. To manage your dog's zoomies, it's important to provide plenty of opportunities for exercise and playtime. Regular walks, play sessions, and socialization can help your dog burn off excess energy and reduce the frequency of zoomies.

If your dog does experience zoomies indoors, it's important to provide a safe space for them to engage in this behavior. Clearing away breakable objects and providing plenty of open space can help prevent accidents or injuries.

Zoomies are a natural behavior for dogs and are usually a sign of a happy, playful dog. However, if your dog's zoomies seem excessive or out of control, it's important to talk to your vet to rule out any underlying medical conditions. With the right management and plenty of playtime, you can help your furry friend enjoy their zoomies in a safe and healthy way.

As a dog owner, you may have found yourself wondering whether or not it's a good idea to let your furry friend sleep in your bedroom with you at night. While some people see no harm in having their dog snuggled up beside them, others argue that allowing your pet to share your sleeping space can lead to a number of issues. In this article, we'll explore both sides of the debate to help you decide whether or not you should kick your dog out of your bedroom at night.

The Case for Letting Your Dog Sleep in Your Bedroom

For many people, having their dog in their bedroom at night is a comforting and soothing experience. In fact, research has shown that sleeping with a dog can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, increase feelings of security and safety, and promote feelings of well-being. This is especially true for people who live alone or suffer from conditions such as depression or anxiety.

In addition to the psychological benefits, letting your dog sleep in your bedroom can also provide a number of physical benefits. Dogs are natural pack animals, and being close to their humans at night can help them feel safe and secure. This can lead to a more restful night's sleep for both you and your pet. Additionally, dogs are known to have a calming effect on their owners, which can help to lower blood pressure, reduce heart rate, and promote relaxation.

The Case Against Letting Your Dog Sleep in Your Bedroom

While there are many benefits to sleeping with your dog, there are also some potential downsides to consider. For one, some people may be allergic to dog hair or dander, which can make sleeping in the same room as your pet uncomfortable or even dangerous. In addition, dogs can be disruptive at night, particularly if they're prone to barking or whining, or if they tend to move around frequently.

Another potential issue with allowing your dog to sleep in your bedroom is the impact it can have on your relationship with your pet. Dogs are naturally social animals and may become overly dependent on their owners if they're allowed to sleep in the same room every night. This can lead to separation anxiety and other behavioral issues down the line.

Finally, it's important to consider your own sleep needs when deciding whether or not to allow your dog to sleep in your bedroom. Some people find that having a pet in the same room can disrupt their sleep and make it harder to get the rest they need.

Making the Decision

So, should you kick your dog out of your bedroom at night? The answer will depend on your own unique situation and preferences. If you suffer from anxiety or depression and find that sleeping with your dog helps to soothe you, it may be worth allowing them to sleep in your bedroom. Similarly, if you live alone and want the added sense of security that comes with having your dog close by, letting them sleep with you may be a good idea.

On the other hand, if you're allergic to dog hair or dander, or if you find that your dog's presence disrupts your sleep, it may be best to keep them out of your bedroom at night. Similarly, if you're concerned about your dog becoming too dependent on you or developing behavioral issues, it may be best to establish a separate sleeping area for them.

Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to let your dog sleep in your bedroom will depend on your individual needs and preferences. It's important to consider both the pros and cons before making a decision, and to be willing to adjust your approach if necessary to ensure that both you and your pet are getting the restful sleep you need.

Pets have been a part of human society for thousands of years, and their presence continues to be an integral part of our lives. From cats and dogs to birds and fish, pets come in all shapes and sizes and offer a variety of benefits to their owners. In this article, we will explore some of the reasons why we have pets and how they impact our lives.

One of the primary reasons people have pets is for companionship. Pets offer a sense of comfort and security to their owners, and studies have shown that spending time with pets can help reduce stress and anxiety. Pets also provide social support, as they are always there to listen and offer unconditional love and affection.

Pets can also be an important part of our physical and emotional well-being. Regular physical activity is essential for good health, and pets can help motivate us to get moving. Dogs, for example, need daily exercise, which can be a great way for their owners to get outside and enjoy the outdoors. In addition to physical activity, pets can also help reduce feelings of loneliness and depression. Studies have shown that pet owners are less likely to experience symptoms of depression and have lower levels of stress hormones than non-pet owners.

For some people, pets can also serve as a source of meaning and purpose in life. Caring for a pet requires a certain level of responsibility and dedication, which can give people a sense of fulfillment and purpose. Additionally, pets can offer a sense of structure and routine to our lives, which can be especially beneficial for those struggling with mental health issues.

Another reason people have pets is for their therapeutic benefits. Animal-assisted therapy has been used for years to help individuals with a variety of conditions, including anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Pets can provide a calming presence and help people feel more relaxed and comfortable in stressful situations. Additionally, pets can be trained to perform specific tasks that can help individuals with physical disabilities or other medical conditions.

Pets can also have a positive impact on children's development. Children who grow up with pets tend to have better social skills and empathy than those who do not. Pets can also help teach children responsibility and provide a sense of comfort and security. Additionally, studies have shown that having a pet in the household can help reduce the risk of allergies and asthma in children.

Despite the many benefits of pet ownership, it is important to remember that owning a pet is a significant responsibility. Pets require time, money, and attention, and it is important to ensure that you can provide for their needs before bringing them into your life. Additionally, some pets may not be suitable for everyone, and it is important to do your research and choose a pet that fits your lifestyle and personality.

Pets offer a variety of benefits to their owners, including companionship, physical and emotional well-being, and a sense of meaning and purpose in life. Pets can also provide therapeutic benefits and have a positive impact on children's development. However, it is important to remember that pet ownership is a significant responsibility and should not be taken lightly. If you are considering getting a pet, be sure to do your research and choose a pet that is suitable for your lifestyle and personality.

Losing a pet is a heartbreaking experience that many pet owners face at some point in their lives. Pets often become an integral part of our lives and families, and the loss can feel like losing a loved one. Coping with the grief of losing a pet can be a challenging and emotional journey, but it is important to remember that it is a normal and natural part of the healing process. In this article, we will discuss some coping strategies for pet owners to help them navigate the grieving process.

Acknowledge the Loss

The first step in grieving the loss of a pet is to acknowledge the loss. It is important to give yourself permission to grieve and acknowledge the depth of your loss. Don't minimize your feelings, and understand that the pain you are feeling is normal and natural. Talk to friends and family about your loss, or join a support group specifically designed for pet owners who are grieving.

Create a Memorial

Creating a memorial for your pet can be a cathartic and healing experience. It provides a way to honor your pet's memory and celebrate their life. You could create a scrapbook or photo album, plant a tree or a special flower in their memory, or create a memorial stone with their name and a special message.

Take Time to Grieve

Everyone grieves differently, and there is no right or wrong way to grieve. Take the time you need to grieve your loss and allow yourself to experience the range of emotions that come with it. Some days you may feel overwhelmed with sadness, and other days you may feel more at peace. Allow yourself to feel and express your emotions in a healthy way.

Remember the Good Times

Reflect on the memories you shared with your pet and focus on the positive times. Remembering the good times can help you celebrate your pet's life and bring some comfort during this difficult time. Look back on old photos, watch home videos, or tell stories with friends and family about the funny or heartwarming moments you shared with your pet.

Seek Professional Help

If you are struggling to cope with the loss of your pet, it may be beneficial to seek professional help. A therapist or counselor can provide a safe space to express your emotions and help you navigate the grieving process. There are also pet loss hotlines that you can call to speak with trained counselors who specialize in pet loss.

Adopt or Foster Another Pet

Adopting or fostering another pet may not be the right choice for everyone, but it can be a way to honor your pet's memory and provide comfort during the grieving process. It is important to wait until you are emotionally ready before bringing another pet into your home, and to remember that the new pet will never replace your beloved companion.

In conclusion, losing a pet is a difficult and emotional experience, but there are ways to cope with the grief and honor your pet's memory. Acknowledge the loss, create a memorial, take time to grieve, remember the good times, seek professional help, and consider adopting or fostering another pet. Remember that the grieving process is different for everyone, and it is important to give yourself the time and space you need to heal. With time, the pain will lessen, and the memories of your beloved pet will bring you comfort and peace.

Excerpted from
Through a Dog's Eyes
By Jennifer Arnold

Early one cool September morning when I was sixteen years old, I jumped out of my bed, headed for the bathroom. A split second after my feet hit the floor, my bottom followed. I knew I hadn't tripped or fallen over anything. When I tried to stand, I found that my legs would not hold me up. I remember feeling totally confused. What I didn't realize at the time and couldn't possibly know was that I'd just taken the first step of a lifelong journey that would ultimately provide me with a remarkable gift.

The diagnosis was multiple sclerosis, and the prognosis was that I would likely never walk again. I fell apart. As a teenager, the most important thing to me was being with my friends, something that suddenly seemed impossible. I was particularly upset because the school I had attended my whole life wasn't wheelchair accessible, which meant that I wouldn't be graduating the following year with my class. I was convinced that any kind of life worth living was over. In retrospect, having met incredible people through my work whose wheelchairs have never slowed them down, I am ashamed of the way I reacted. I am grateful that my work has given me the opportunity to learn that being "healed" and feeling "well" isn't so much a physical process as an emotional one.

I was the youngest of four children. As my dad's medical practice was well established by the time I came along, I had the privilege of spending a great deal more time with him than had my brother and sisters. Dad and I would take long walks, play tennis, and go fishing at a nearby lake. I adored my mom, but Dad and I were best buddies. Neither of us was prepared for the shock that September morning brought. My sudden illness was particularly hard on him. More than the physical implications, he worried about my mental health, I think. Dad realized that I needed to have something on which to focus, something hopeful.

As fate would have it, he had recently read about a woman in California who was training dogs to help people who used wheelchairs. Knowing how much I loved animals and hoping to give me a reason to keep fighting, he contacted the woman. Unfortunately, she couldn't send a dog as far as my hometown of Atlanta. Rather than being disappointed, Dad grew determined. He decided that a similar program was surely needed in our part of the country. On the Friday after Thanksgiving, he met with a CPA about setting up a nonprofit program he named Canine Assistants. Three weeks later, Dad was walking on the sidewalk along a nearby park when a drunk driver on a motorcycle jumped onto the path and hit him.

All night, I stayed in the waiting room of the ICU of the hospital where Dad was on staff. His coworkers Hooded the hospital. He was not only a gifted surgeon, he was a wonderful man, and Ins friends were using all their skills to keep him alive. We kept hoping for good news that night, though it never came. Dad was broken. The hands he had used to give sight to so many were literally crushed. His brilliant brain was damaged. For most of the night, his blood pressure was almost nonexistent. Toward morning, nature overrode the heroics of modern medicine, and my dad died.

The only thing that kept me from falling into despair was my anger. If you've ever faced such dark anguish, you know what a blessing anger can be. I had to fight the adversity or die myself. I decided the best reason to continue living was to make the world better for someone else who was hurting; otherwise, life seemed like a pointless exercise in pain. I grabbed the dream of Canine Assistants and I held it like a lifeline.

Over the next several years, my illness went into full remission and I slowly regained the ability to walk. How? I was lucky. That is the best answer I have. My doctors conjectured about why my condition improved so much, but then and now that seems unimportant to me. The simple fact is clear: I got lucky.

Mom and I were not so lucky when it came to money. There was a clause in Dads life-insurance policy that negated payout in cases of "death by two-wheeled vehicle," which was obviously intended for those riding on or driving motorcycles. The insurance company nevertheless enforced the clause in his case. Without the insurance money and the substantial cash flow Dads medical practice had brought, money became a problem for the first time in our lives. Mom and I learned a great deal about the value of buying in bulk, shopping at discount stores, Sunday morning newspaper coupons, and weekly sales at the local grocery stores. My siblings were just beginning their adult lives, married with young children or otherwise trying to establish themselves, so they were not able to help much financially. We did get help, though, from a number of wonderful people and one remarkable woman in particular.

When I was six months old, my mom found herself thoroughly overwhelmed with four young children and her need to "support" Dad in his medical practice, which meant going out a lot and being pleasant to strangers. Who would have thought that doctors would have to play such games? Anyway, money was starting to come in from Dads practice, so he suggested that Mom hire someone to help around the house. Through good fortune she hired a woman named Sallie Kate Brooks, one of the finest human beings I have ever known. From the beginning, Nanny, as my brother nicknamed her, was Mom's best friend and another mother to my siblings and me. After Dad died, Nanny continued to come to our home five days a week, even though we could no longer afford to pay her. Often, she would bring bags of vegetables from her husband's garden, and more than a few times she quietly paid the rent we could not afford to pay on the small apartment we now called home. Nanny helped to keep us fed and housed, but she also helped to keep us sane.

Excerpted from
Solving Your Cat's Behavior Problems
By Pam Johnson

To be a feline behavior consultant takes guts. Not because of anything cats might do, but because you inevitably become jokingly referred to as the "kitty shrink." Whenever I'm at a party or with a group of people and someone asks me what I do for a living, I know it won't be long before the word will spread around the room. "You're a feline WHAT?" is usually someone's first response. Then I spend much of the evening explaining that, "No, I don't teach cats to sit, stay, fetch, or roll over, but rather, I work with both cats and owners to solve behavior problems."

These days there are many animal behaviorists available to help owners. When I started learning about cats, though, many people had never considered calling in an animal behaviorist to help solve problems.

I became a cat lover quite by accident when I adopted two homeless kittens. I didn't know much about cats then but it didn't take long for the love affair to bloom. I became fascinated by cats and how intelligent they seemed. Since I had only grown up having dogs I was intrigued by the different ways cats communicate and what they required from humans. I wanted to know everything. After reading as many books as I could get my hands on, I started observing different cats and their owners (my friends were very patient with me). I wanted to learn how problems arise and how they're solved. I also spent countless hours at veterinarians' clinics (they were equally as patient) observing cats and the variety of problems they encounter. I then knew that the true answers couldn't come from anyone other than the cats themselves. I went straight to the source and began to let the cats teach me. By then I had a good background in feline nutrition, grooming, health, and general care, but I wanted to know what goes on behind those beautiful eyes.

One of the first things I learned about cats is that very few people are lukewarm about them. There are those who passionately love cats and feel they're highly intelligent, graceful, sensitive and beautiful creatures. Then there are the people who feel cats are nothing but aloof, untrainable, furniture-destroying, hair-shedding, furball-vomiting snobs. And, if you're daring enough, try getting a group of dog lovers and cat lovers together. All you have to do to set off an evening of heated discussion is ask which makes the better pet, a dog or a cat. Dog owners will argue that cats don't "do" anything. Well, those of us who have spent any amount of time with a cat know just ridiculous that old argument is. Gats just make everything they do look so effortless.

I think that, as owners, we take our intelligent and intriguing cats for granted. Cats make life so convenient for us by being very clean, quiet and graceful. They don't need to be walked, are able to handle long periods alone, and they don't disturb the neighbors with their barking. Because cats do make life so easy for us we sometimes overlook their needs. When a cat behaves in an undesirable way, we all too often assume he's being spiteful, stubborn, or willfully destructive.

This book is to help you figure out what your little companion is trying to communicate. Hopefully you'll find the solutions so you can bridge the distance that's come between the two of you because of the problem. Begin by viewing that furry little feline as your own private teacher. Although he may not speak in words, he's definitely telling you something.

As I'm sure you're already aware, this book is not intended to be a replacement for veterinary care. Always seek your vet's advice first, even if you're sure the problem is behavioral. Your vet may uncover a medical condition that's causing the undesirable behavior. Don't hesitate to contact your vet with questions; he or she is there to help you keep your cat healthy and happy.

In an effort to be fair, I've alternated referring to cats as males and females throughout this book. I don't want to imply favoritism because I do love both male and female cats equally. And, because I feel that a cat is a very important member of the family, you'll never find me referring to any feline as an "it."

Because I'm unable to make a house call to you personally, I hope that within these pages you find the tools you need to be your own feline behavior consultant. You already have the most important qualification of all - your love for your cat.

Understanding Behavior Modification

The secret to living in harmony with a cat is understanding that her so-called undesirable behavior is actually her best way of communicating to you that something's wrong. Since a cat can't sit you down for a heart-to-heart chat about why she's upset, the next best thing is to get your attention. If you give up the notion that your cat's being spiteful and manipulative and start looking at what she's trying to communicate, you stand a very good chance of solving the problem. Very often when I make a house call to do a behavior session it's really to serve as the interpreter between cat and owner. I listen to the owner describe the problem, then I ask lots of questions. I look around to get a good sense of the cat's environment. Finally, I spend time with the cat. After I've had some individual time with the kitty, I ask the owner to come in so I can watch how they relate. All this information allows me to put the pieces of the puzzle together to help the owner solve the reason for the behavior problem and use modification techniques to rebuild the bond between them.

We need to be more sensitive to our cats' needs because we ask so much of them in terms of being obedient, loving companions. All too often we're the reason our cat may have to suffer through behavior problems. For example: We love how convenient it is that our cat uses a litter box so we never have to run home in time to walk her the way our dog-owning friends do; in return, our responsibility is to keep the litter box clean. When we don't fulfill our responsibility, the cat may start using a different area of the house. Another example: It's a normal behavior in a cat to scratch and visually mark objects with her claws. She's not being destructive - she's just being a cat! Our responsibility is to provide an adequate scratching post. Too often we neglect this and then spend so much time getting mad at the cat for scratching the furniture. With just a little more understanding about what a cat needs and why those needs exist, you can achieve the relationship you've always wanted with her. Although you view your cat as a member of the family, don't humanize her so much that you neglect those feline needs.

Any behavior problem can be the result of an underlying medical condition, so please have your cat checked by the veterinarian first. Don't assume it's a behavior problem until the vet has given your cat an exam. I can't tell you how many times owners have called me to complain about their cat not using the litter box. After insisting they go to the vet before I'll agree to see her, it turns out she has cystitis. There are many other times I've been called about a formerly loving cat turning aggressive. Whenever the owner picks her up she hisses and tries to bite. Many times the vet discovers a painful abscess (usually the result of a cat fight) is the cause of the aggression because it hurts the cat to be touched. So please, don't skip this very important first step. See your vet.

When I do a consultation I try to limit it to one or two sessions (unless it's an aggression problem or other specific situation that requires a slower approach in short intervals). I have two reasons for trying to limit how many sessions I do with one cat. First, I realize that by the time owners contact me, they've probably already spent more money than they planned to (whether on replacing urine-soaked carpets, buying endless brands of litter, scratching posts, numerous vet visits, etc.). The other reason is that I want the owners to implement the behavior modification techniques so they'll become more perceptive to their cat's moods and/or needs. The best way to rebuild the cat/owner bond is to have them do the work together. Phone contact is always encouraged in order to track the owner's progress and provide support.

Behavior modification takes time so don't get discouraged if resuits don't happen overnight. You're retraining the cat's mind and breaking those old negative thought patterns. For the success to be long-term you have to give your cat time. If you're consistent, patient and positive, it will work.

"Negative" Training

When training a dog, you use her natural desire to please the more dominant "pack leader" (in this case, you). With my dog Annabelle, all I have to do is look at her with a stern expression, and she immediately knows her behavior is unacceptable. With the cat (who isn't a pack animal) this method doesn't work. Your cat won't be affected by that stern expression. And resorting to punishment doesn't work; it will only be perceived as a threat to her safety. If you've been spanking your cat, yelling at her, rubbing her nose in her accidents, exiling her in isolation, or using any other such methods, please stop now. It doesn't work, it never has, it never will. The biggest mistake you make when you hit a cat is that you'll only be training her to be afraid of you.

She won't be able to differentiate between the hand coming toward her for petting or for hitting. She'll assume the worst and either cringe, run or become defensive. When you bring a cat over to a spot on the carpet where she had an accident and you rub her nose in it you create a worse situation. She won't associate that with your telling her it's bad to urinate in that spot. Instead, she'll think it's bad to urinate at all. She'll seek other places, or worse, hold it until you're not around. She may also become afraid to use her litter box. Your only hope is to figure out why she's doing these things and then reduce her anxiety so she'll respond to the various behavior modification techniques described in this book.

Positive Reinforcement

This is the only way to go. All the techniques you'll read about in the following chapters are based on positive reinforcement. Instead of filling the cat's life with a bunch of "nos," you're going to structure it so she gets what she needs but in the way you prefer. For example: If your cat is scratching on the furniture, provide her with a scratching post she'll want to use. Encourage her to use the post through playtime and praise. If you don't want a cat to do something just give her a better option. Keep that little thought in mind and you won't go wrong. Cats are smart; they'll let you know when you've done it right.

In this book I stress praise as an important tool in training. The tone of your voice can have quite an impact on your cat. For instance, during grooming or medicating, a soothing tone throughout the process followed by much praise can make the procedure anywhere from bearable to absolutely enjoyable.

Positive reinforcement can be used in correcting any behavior problem (in combination with modification techniques) from aggression and hyperactivity to depression and lethargy. It works because it helps to relieve the stress a cat inevitably feels during a behavior crisis-Positive reinforcement:

• reduces stress
• builds self-confidence
• accelerates training success
• strengthens owner/cat bond
• encourages companion cats to get along
• adds more joy in a cat's life

Remote Control Training

This is the only negative form of training I use. The reason I call it remote control is that your cat won't directly connect the correction with you, her loving owner. An example of remote control training is coating electrical wires with pepper sauce or bitter orange so that the cat won't chew on them. Another example is lining empty soda cans (put a few pennies in them and tape over the opening) along the kitchen counter to train the cat not to jump up. She'll soon learn that whenever she jumps up there she knocks over these noisy, scary objects. In time she'll know to avoid those negative places (even after the cans are no longer there), but she won't know you had anything to do with it. Humans are a sneaky bunch.

Remote control training is very useful when it comes to setting boundaries. The trick is to make certain your cat doesn't associate it with you. And always combine it with that good old positive reinforcement whenever she does the right thing.

No cat is going to be perfectly behaved all of the time. People aren't, so how can we expect it from cats?

If you're dealing with a kitten, a cat that's been in a former home, or one that's undergone some form of stress, be patient with her.

Excerpted from
How to Get Your Dog to Do What You Want: A Loving Approach to Unleashing Your Dog's Astonishing Potential
By Warren Eckstein, Andrea Eckstein

What You Put In Is What You Get Out

As far as I'm concerned, a dog is a product of what's put into him. Two factors determine the personality, intelligence, and overall disposition of our canine companions: breeding - whether the parents were genetically well-suited to produce strong, healthy offspring (in the case of the randomly bred stray "generic" dog, whether the odds were in his favor), so that he was born physically sound, without inbreeding faults or any other genetic disorders - and environment - what the owner does or does not do with that dog. In other words, you play a tremendous role in influencing your dog s personality, intelligence, and disposition!

A Dog's Self-Image

Dogs, just like people, have a strange way of living up - or down - to the image you project for them. Give them high expectations concerning their own abilities, and they'll reach for the stars trying to achieve them and please you. Downgrade their abilities by constantly telling them how displeased you are with their behavior, and you'll rip apart their self-esteem, making it impossible for them to believe in you and, most of all, in themselves.

Fido needs a good self-image if he's to attain the goals you set for him. I'm obviously not talking about graduating summa cum laude from Harvard or becoming the CEO of a Fortune 500 company, but I am talking about Fido attaining certain goals of good behavior - being socially well adjusted and blending well into your family unit, while also maintaining his own identity and psychological well-being. We take this for granted when everything is right with Fido. It's the sort of thing you don't think about until it's not there.

It's easy to tamper with how Fido feels about himself. There are three common ways. The first is a sin of omission - it often takes place without you even realizing it.

Ripping Apart Fido's Self-Image - What Not To Do #1

By doing nothing, by ignoring your pet, by not interacting with him on a regular basis, you can do great damage. It is simply not enough just to feed and walk your dog, then treat him like a piece of furniture the rest of the time.

Yes, I know you lead busy lives and your time may be very limited, but dogs have a real need to have their egos stroked, to be told they're good, to understand how much they're loved. They need image- and confidence-building as much as we do. And they need a certain amount of self-esteem in order to behave well. They need to develop inner strength if they are to try something new or to learn to trust in you.

Ripping Apart Fido's Self-Image - What Not To Do #2

Bad-mouthing Fido and spreading gossip about him is the second way you can rip apart Fido's self-esteem and destroy his self-confidence, thereby creating psychological problems where they never before existed. Dogs are very astute and can sense a lot of what's going on around them. Many are so clever that they can even tell when you're speaking of them in unflattering terms to other people. They'll hang their heads in shame and drop their tails between their legs while you discuss their mistakes with the neighbors. I've often said, if you can't say something nice about your dog, don't say anything at all. Believe me, they know! Some dogs get embarrassed. Watch their faces and you'll see exactly what they're picking up. They know what's going on!

I once had a client who did nothing but complain about his dog. "Darn dog hair all over the place, darn walks on the coldest mornings of the winter, darn hard-to-open cans of dog food, darn this, darn that, darn dog." It was a bad situation, to say the least. The client was stressed out, with a lot of problems - trouble on the job, trouble with his ex-wife, trouble paying child support. Although I could certainly sympathize with him, I've never felt compassionate toward people who take out their problems on their pets, even though too many owners do exactly that.

This dog was so used to being scolded and verbally abused that every time she saw her owner coming, her behavior, due to sheer fear, took a turn for the worse. Pepper didn't mean to knock over the Parsons table and everything on it as she scrambled out of the way, but she couldn't help trying to escape as fast as possible when she saw her owner. Then Pepper piddled on the living room rug out of sheer nervousness. Later that evening after waking from her nap, she also didn't mean to stay, frozen with fear, in her owner's favorite easy chair. Pepper knew he wanted to sit in it, but her frightened, sleepy brain couldn't figure out what to do except sit there and growl as he tried to swat her out of the chair. That's when I was called in.

You see, what happened was that these two had set up a Catch-22. My client's berating behavior triggered Pepper's incorrect conduct, and her poor responses caused my client to react in an even worse fashion. His growing dislike of Pepper was crystal clear to her, and the ongoing battle actually affected her psychological balance. This was compounded by the fact that both Pepper and her owner had recently experienced the emotional upheaval of the divorce. Pepper in particular missed her human Mom and brothers and sisters. She became increasingly skittish and unhappy. The more they went at it, the more out of control things became. Pepper became so accustomed to hearing "bad dog, stupid dog, darn dog!" that she believed it. Everything she did seemed wrong, so as a result she did nothing right. The owner kept yelling and Pepper became submissive, then defensive, then slowly aggressive as she could take no more.

Was Pepper a bad dog? No, but she was caught up in a bad situation. I am a firm believer that stress can be transmitted from one end of the leash to the other. Yes, Pepper's owner was stressed out, but the fact remained that no one was nurturing Pepper or helping her develop a good self-image. Was Pepper in fact a good dog, a pretty dog, a nice dog? Yes she was - but nobody bothered to tell her so.

Ripping Apart Fido's Self-1 Mage - What Not To Do #3

The most common way of undermining Fido's self-esteem occurs when dog owners get flooded with advice from well-intentioned friends, neighbors, and relatives, telling them to correct the dog for everything he does wrong. So these owners scold, yell, hit, step on back paws, knee, force Fido onto his back in a submissive position, squirt water pistols in his face, put hot sauce on his tongue, or stick his nose in his mess.

Dwell on the negatives long and often enough and you will actually help your dog develop a negative behavioral pattern whereby he gets so much attention for doing something wrong and, by comparison, so little attention for doing something right that he figures he might as well act badly. At least then he gets some attention, even though it's negative. Kids, you may know, sometimes do exactly the same thing.

For many dogs, "no" is the first word they hear in the morning when they're demanding a feeding or a walk from owners who arc stumbling to the coffee pot with half-open eyes. "No" is also the last word they hear at night when they try to curl up on the bed with their owners. A lot of dogs constantly hear the word "no" for a variety of indiscretions, and it's this barrage of "no, no, no!" that undermines their self-esteem.

It's easy to ruin a dog's confidence this way. Most undermining is a result of old-fashioned thinking that Fido should always be corrected. He hears "no" for jumping on the company, "no" for eating the sandwich his owners left out on the kitchen table, "no" for helping navigate the car, and "no" for acting as a furry alarm clock at three a.m. I've been in many homes where I've said the word "no" and the family dog came running. These dogs have heard "no" so often, they think No is their name!

Educating our canine comrades should be a pleasurable experience, not a horror story. Of course, dogs will sometimes do the wrong things, but that's how they learn - that's how we all learn. It's inevitable that they'll soil the best carpet in the house (they seem to have an uncanny way of knowing just which one is the most expensive). And Fido may conduct his own taste test on your Gucci shoes or wooden bannister. But they can only learn what you want them to do by experimenting. How many of us as kids learned that the stove was hot only after we touched it? When it burned our fingers, we wanted a little comfort from our moms, not to get smacked in the face for touching it - our pride and fingers hurt enough already. And so it is with a dog's pride when he sees he's upset the people that love him most.

Remember, no matter whether they are huge Saint Bernards or tiny dachshunds, dogs are sensitive, emotional creatures with confidence that can be eroded, and they're fully capable of being embarrassed by their behavior - and the behavior of their owners.

The "No" Syndrome

It's time to forget about the old-style mentality of raising Fido. Right now I can hear a lot of you saying that this "no, no, no!" syndrome could never happen to you. You would never be that constantly corrective when your wonderful, adorable dog makes a mistake. Well, you might be right, but a lot of owners still undermine their dog's self-esteem and pride to a lesser degree. This type of erosion, when compounded over a period of years, can have drastic results.

Think about this for a moment. What would you do if your dog chewed the armrest of your brand new leather chair, stole the filet mignon off your kitchen counter just before your guests arrived, and had an accident on the Oriental rug?

Regarding the first situation, I bet you'd bring him over to the chair, show him what he did wrong, and give him a smack. Even if it's not a hard smack, I bet over 50 percent of everyone reading this would give the dog at least a little swat. In the second situation, I bet you'd bring him over to the counter area, tell him "no," and give him a little swat. If you discovered the filet mignon was missing right after you discovered the destroyed chair, I bet the swat would be harder than what you'd ordinarily care to admit to. And for number three, the accident on the Oriental rug, you would probably bring him over to the mess, ask "What did you do?" scold or hit him, and maybe even rub his nose in it. If the accident happened right after the discovery of the chewed chair and the missing mignon, I bet those swats would be harder still.

Now let's review the answers. I'll bet that without you realizing it, you're already a victim of the "no" syndrome of dog training and behavior. After all, patience has its boundaries and is not limitless. Well, it doesn't have to be this way. We can love our dogs into good behavior.

Building Fido's Self-Confidence - "Yes" Is the Way to Go

The easiest way to create a confident canine that behaves well is to spend more time focusing on the things the dog does right than correcting those he does wrong. Sure Fido gets plenty of corrections when he does number two where he's not supposed to - but do you spend the same or, better yet, more rime kissing, hugging, stroking, and loving him when he relieves himself in the right place or performs some other minor feat? I doubt it. Most people don't. At best there's a "good boy" and a pat on the head. But what happened to "Yeah! What a good fella!" followed by kisses, hugs, a belly scratch, a head rub, more kisses, extra hugs, and then, when you're done, repeating the whole process all over again?

Your neighbors might find your antics a bit strange, but why should that stop you? Your dog will be well behaved, while they're struggling along for months or years with homes reeking like bad pet shops and full of chewed furniture. You'll always have the last laugh. I've even had people tell me their kids got potty trained at the same time they were working with Fido because of all the praising and loving going on. Now that's a fringe benefit if ever I heard one!

You must present a clear picture for your dog of exactly what makes you happy. Dogs usually don't have an opportunity to see this as clearly as we think they do. We all know that pets are willing to please their owners - so when they don't, don't you think it might be that their owners just aren't getting their points across? We don't have to dominate our dogs with corrective techniques, we just have to go overboard on all the things our four-footed best friends do properly. Believe me, they do more good things than you probably realize, so we must take the time to constantly tell them how wonderful they are. We must love, kiss, hug, and touch them for every positive accomplishment. Dogs that feel good about themselves will behave better for you. If you build their confidence, they will respond in kind. They must have a good self-image. If they think they're a failure at life, then what's the sense of trying? Let them know how smart, intelligent, and well loved they are. They'll live up to your expectations.

And please don't reserve your positive thoughts and actions only for those times when Fido has done something right. It's okay to tell him how wonderful he is for no reason at all. Stroke his ego and help him build a positive self-image. Tell him what a good dog he is, even if he's done nothing at all. Praise him, tell him he's wonderful, and give him a hug and a kiss for no reason. And while you're at it, give him a hug and a kiss for me.

Does Fido Think?

I hope someone from up above will help me, because I know I'm going to get myself in a lot of hot water with what I'm about to say. One of the most heated debates between myself and many clinically trained behaviorists and psychologists is over whether dogs have the ability to think and make decisions. Many people who study animal behavior maintain that most animals don't think or make independent decisions. Instead they believe that Fido's responses are conditioned and in fact are ones we have helped create. Some say that the extent of Fido's response is to come running when he hears the refrigerator door open, since food almost always follows and we have conditioned him to this response. But you know what's so strange?

When I'm hungry and I hear my wife in the kitchen opening the refrigerator, I come running, too. Either I'm only as intelligent as my dog or my dog is as intelligent as I am in this regard - it depends on how you look at it. Some of these experts insist that only man is capable of putting one and one together and coming up with two, that only man can assess a situation and think out what his response should be. Well, both Tige and I have learned to put one and one together when we hear the refrigerator door open, and we both come running. Sometimes it's a race to the kitchen to see who can get there first. Tige usually beats me. He's learned to bolt past me with ease, while I slow down or risk falling flat on my derriere. That dog outsmarts me every time.

I believe that dogs are very capable of applying their minds in an array of situations. And the degree of their intelligence can vary from breed to breed and dog to dog - -just like people. Here's a case in point.

Years ago, when 1 was working with dogs in Europe, I witnessed an intelligence test given by some of the foremost trainers and behaviorists in the field. The test involved having various breeds of dog negotiate a high wall in order to get to the other side. Dog after dog jumped over the wall. Finally, it was the standard poodle's turn. The poodle stood there for a moment, as if to size up the obstacle in front of him. Then he casually walked around the wall and joined his fellow canine competitors on the other side of it. These so-called experts concluded that the poodle had failed the test - he hadn't possessed the intelligence to jump over it.

I, on the other hand, concluded that the poodle was the smartest of all the dogs tested. When confronted with this obstacle, he analyzed the situation and chose the easiest way of achieving the goal of getting to the other side of the wall - he simply walked around it! After all, it took a lot less exertion to walk around the obstacle than to jump over it! If that's not thinking, I don't know what is!

Excerpted from
A Snowflake in My Hand
By Samantha Mooney

My alarm clock failed to ring, but by skipping morning coffee I managed to be only fifteen minutes late. As the elevator crawled to the eighth floor of the Animal Medical Center I hoped that perhaps Clancy too had overslept. It was 7:20. The elevator door opened, and I stepped into the hall to find him waiting.

"I know I'm late, Clancy, but it happens occasionally." He looked angry. "If you would just wait until I come get you, you wouldn't have to pace in the corridor."

I unlocked the office door, and he brushed past me as he entered. I opened the drawer immediately, knowing there would be no peace until he got what he wanted. Clancy was not a finicky eater and promptly concentrated on his breakfast.

He was a square-jawed, tiger-suited cat, seven years old. Short-legged and sturdy, he looked like a prize fighter who had retired from the ring.

When I was on time, I would find him in his cage in the ward if the wardman had remembered to close the cage door securely. The door had to be lifted slightly for the lock to click. As soon as I opened the cage Clancy would meow, hug me, and then crawl over my shoulder and jump to the floor. Before I did the morning treatments, I would open the ward door so that he could run to the office where the food was waiting. But if I was even five minutes late, he would meet me at the elevator, as he had today, and reprimand me. I never knew how he got out the ward door.

Dr. Hayes came into the office. Audrey had completed her residency at the Animal Medical Center with a specialty in oncology, the study of masses or tumors. She was now an associate staff member. We had first worked together on Saturday night medical clinics. We both liked working with cats, and we both were unconventional in our restraint techniques: we tried to pay attention to the cat's preferences.

Dr. Hayes patted Clancy on the head. He glared at her.

"You know, Samantha, Clancy's using you. He's a male chauvinist, just like T.C." T.C. was one of her six cats.

"That may be true, Audrey, but Clancy and I have an understanding." Clancy yawned and walked away, confident that I would defend him.

"He's rude, arrogant, and ungrateful." "He's handsome and Irish."

I heard Greg's voice in the corridor outside the office. Dr. MacEwen was the head of the unit.

"In the parking lot? It must have come from the stables across the street. Will it be all right in this box? What about food?"

"I put some water in there and some bread," the clinic aide replied. "I'm just afraid to leave it downstairs in the clinic, in case someone knocks it over. It's quieter up here, if you don't mind, and I'll take it home this afternoon."

"Morning, Audrey, Sam." Greg was carrying a shoe box with tiny holes punched in the top. "One of the aides found this mouse, and I told her we'd keep it out of the way for her this morning. What's Clancy doing out?" We all turned and looked at Clancy now sleeping soundly on the counter, snuggled in a corner. I thought I saw his ear twitch, but he did not move.

"He's exhausted, Greg."

"He never does anything. Put him back in his cage." "But he's sick."

"He's not sick. Granted, he has the feline leukemia virus, but it doesn't faze him in the least."

"But he was abandoned. He thinks no one loves him."

Greg was weakening, as he always did with Clancy. Looking at the shoe box, he said, "What about the..."

"Clancy's too tired even to notice. You know he can't sleep when he's in his cage."

"Poor Clancy," Greg replied, smiling as he left the office.

Clancy stretched and shifted his position.

I had first met Clancy a few months after I started working in Oncology. We see most of our cancer patients on the eighth floor, but I was still working Tuesday and Saturday nights with Greg and Audrey in the general clinic on the second floor, where medical and surgical cases, routine examinations, vaccinations, and emergencies are handled.

When I walked into the exam booth that Tuesday night, Clancy was sitting on the metal table. I usually have to pry my cats out of their carrier when they visit the doctor, so I was impressed by his nonchalance. He stared at me defiantly and then began to groom himself. When Greg came in, Clancy lay on his side and stared wistfully into space.

Clancy's owner had three cats. The other two had tested negative for the feline leukemia virus. Because the virus is contagious among cats, Clancy's mistress had brought Clancy to be euthanized. He was her husband's cat; she had brought him in because her husband could not bear to.

Leukemia is an abnormal proliferation of white blood cells in the bloodstream and bone marrow. In cats most leukemia is caused by the leukemia virus, but not all cats with the virus develop leukemia.

The virus, found in a small percentage of cats in the general population, can be passed from cat to cat in the saliva, urine, milk, and blood. In other words, a communal litter pan and feeding dishes are likely intermediaries for the virus, as are a bite wound, or a mother cat nursing her kittens. Not all cats exposed to the virus will become viremic, or persistently infected. Some cats develop antibodies against the virus within three months of exposure to a positive cat, and therefore become immune to the infection.

We had been able to send a magnificent long-haired cat home to his grateful owner after the cat rejected the leukemia virus on his own. We didn't see a case like this often, but such things did happen.

We do not know which cats will become viremic and which immune, but we believe that kittens and older or debilitated cats are more susceptible because their immune systems are either not fully developed or are altered. In any event it takes more than one test to confirm that a cat has the virus.

A cat who tests positive for the leukemia virus may be a healthy pet with a glossy coat, good appetite, and normal activity. I remember a feisty calico cat with eyes the colors of stained glass who probably became positive late in her life. She lived to the age of twenty-one.

I had long been fascinated by this virus that remains dormant in some cats and causes fatal diseases in others. It was generally believed that the positive cats were more susceptible to disease because their immune systems, the body's defense, were suppressed by the leukemia virus. I had asked Greg if we could use on Clancy a new form of therapy that we had been testing - therapy meant to stimulate Clancy's immune system so that, ideally, he would reject the virus, or at least resist the diseases associated with the virus. Greg had agreed, and we had suggested this treatment to Clancy's mistress as an alternative to euthanasia.

When I lifted Clancy from the table, he had rested both front paws on either side of my neck. As we headed for the elevator to take us to the eighth floor, his new home, I heard Greg's voice. "Just this one, Sam. And remember, don't get too attached." But Clancy was purring.

Greg set the ground rules for Clancy's stay with us. Clancy must remain in a cage. He must not interfere with the Oncology Unit's routine. I appealed to Greg's sense of fairness. After all, Clancy was a pet, unaccustomed to prolonged confinement. Greg gave Clancy his first inch, and Clancy slowly and relentlessly stretched it until the entire eighth floor was his.

Clancy was allowed in the office before clinic for breakfast. Duerrel, our wardman, usually cleaned the ward between 7 and 9 a.m., and then Clancy could return to a clean cage. A few mornings clinic started early, and by the time his cage was ready I was busy with patients. Clancy wisely camouflaged himself among plants and piles of records. He slept soundly in the sun, only occasionally rattling a paper or toppling a plant as he shifted positions.

Greg was off on Saturdays, and Clancy spent that entire day in the office. He was so well behaved that gradually he came to stay with us a few days during the week. To encourage him to remain in his corner during clinic I left a water bowl, canned food and dry food within easy reach. But all too often when Greg was concentrating on a patient's X ray, Clancy, a noisy eater, would interrupt with a crunch or slurp.

Still, as time went on Clancy was allowed five-day access to the office, although Greg never actually acknowledged the concession.

Some afternoons Clancy would sit in Greg's office across the hall. While Greg worked at his desk Clancy slept curled up on the extra chair. But as soon as Greg left the office for a few minutes Clancy jumped down, stretched, and then took possession of Greg's chair, which he clearly preferred. When Greg returned, he always displaced Clancy from the chair, but he never threw him out of the office. And sometimes I would catch Greg reaching over and gently petting the slumbering beast.

The song that Clancy purred to me the first night he entered my life became a vital part of my days for the next two years. His former owners never called or came to visit Clancy. I guess they thought that any contact with him would be too painful for them. He was my cat now, and we spent our days learning about one another. Those days were precious days, bonus days for Clancy and me.

Excerpted from
Homer's Odyssey
By Gwen Cooper

It may have started with the plastic bag. The excessive worrying, I mean. Like many a new mom, I found myself growing eyes in the back of my head where Homer was concerned, as well as an extra set of ears and an almost preternatural awareness of where Homer was, what he was doing, and what his needs were at any given time.

This had become doubly true since Homer's stitches had come out and he'd taken lo tearing around the house after Scarlett and Vashti. Soon he wasn't content to merely cover the ground they did, and he began discovering mischief all on his own. Sometimes T would lose track of him for a few minutes and find him in the most unbelievable places-dangling by his front paws from the middle shelf of a bookcase (how had he even gotten up there?), or wedged in the back corner of the cluttered cabinet beneath my bathroom sink, having managed to prise open the cabinet door.

His new obsession was scaling the floor-to-ceiling drapes that hung in the dining room, like one of those Spider-Man types you read about who hand-over-hand their way up the side of an office building;. "Homer!" I would shriek when I found him hanging on the drapes by a single claw, six feet in the air. Homer would swing the slight weight of his nine or ten ounces around until all four claws clung to the drapes once again, climbing as quickly as he could to put himself above my reach.

Look. Ma! I always imagined him thinking. No eyes!

In contemplative moments, I would reflect that there was something inspirational in the way Homer was willing to climb and climb anything at all without any idea as lo how high he was going, or any plan for safely regaining the ground once he'd reached the top. There was something to be said for that level of fearlessness.

For all that it was inspirational, however, it was also terrifying.

Every parent knows those moments-the ones when you suddenly realize YOU haven't seen your child for at least fifteen minutes. You curse yourself for having become so occupied with something else that you lost track of his whereabouts. Where is he? What if something happened to him? Why wasn't I paying attention?

It had already become a point of pride with me to insist that Homer was a perfectly normal kitten. Better than normal, even. I would have taken the head off of anybody who suggested that Homer needed "special" care because of his "special needs." angrily insisting that Homer was just as capable of taking care of himself as either of my other two cats, or as any "normal " cat out there. When people asked whether and how a blind kitten could find his litter box. I would reply that Homer could not only find his litter, he could find his way to the top of the kitchen counter and into the cabinet where the canned tuna was kept, distinguishing the difference between a can of tuna (which he loved) and a can of tomato soup (to which he was indifferent), while both were still in their sealed cans. He'd root around in the cabinet. shoving all other canned goods out of his way, until he identified the can of tuna fish, using paws and nose to push it from the cabinet and onto the counter. Feed me this!

Beneath all that righteous indignation, however, and my insistence that I didn't need to worry about Homer any more than I worried about Scarlett and Vashti, was the truth: Homer wasn't like other cats, and I did worry about him more than I worried about my other two.

This fear was all my own, and Homer shared none of it. It had been predicted that his blindness would make him more hesitant and less independent than a typical cat. But if anything, the opposite was true. Because Homer was unable to see the hazards in the world around him, he lived in blissful unawareness of their existence. What was the difference between climbing to the top of a three-foot-high sofa and nine foot high drapes if you couldn't see how high you were going anyway? And what was the difference between jumping down from either one when every leap you ever took was a lea]) into uncertain outcomes, based on nothing but blind faith in invisible landing points?

In the Daredevil comic books, occasional story lines find Daredevil regaining his vision. Although he retains the rest of his superpowers, he suddenly finds himself incapacitated, afraid to attempt the daring stunts he normally undertakes when blind. Are you crazy?! he seems to ask the reader. I'm not jumping off that! Look at how high it is!

But there was no omnipotent writer who, with the stroke of a pen, could restore Homers eyes to him. The only absolute fear Homer knew was that of being alone. As long as somebody was with him-whether it was me or one of his feline sisters-Homer had no notion that there were other things in the world that could harm him.

Which brings us back to the plastic bag.

Excerpted from
The New Holistic Way for Dogs and Cats: Understanding the Stress-Health Connection
By Paul McCutcheon, DVM, Susan Weinstein

When a German shorthaired pointer named Flyball suddenly began to have seizures, her veterinarian considered a possible brain tumor and similar causes. But Jeannine, her person, was reluctant to let Flyball have any invasive tests or treatments unless it was necessary, and she wasn't convinced that it was. She wanted to take some time to think about whether there might be a simpler explanation for Flyball s condition. Having recently read that chemicals in household products could cause a variety of physical problems, she wondered whether the dog could have been poisoned by a detergent or other product she used to clean the house. Jeannine was a collector of porcelain bowls that she cleaned with hydrochloric acid, and she had recently given one of her favorites to Flyball as a water disk Jeannine removed the bowl from Flyball and the dog's seizures stopped soon afterward-thereby saving her from the added stress of medical intervention.

Most of the time, you're the first to know when your pet has a problem. After all, you eat, sleep, groom yourselves, rest, and play in each other's space. You watch each other, communicate through word and gesture, and breathe the same air. This is why you-more than your veterinarian or anyone else-carry the lion's share of responsibility when it comes to keeping your cat or dog as well and happy as possible. You're in the best position to figure out what's causing the stress that's causing your pet's problems. You're also the one who can fix them, or even - as Jeannine did at first-create them. Being responsible for your pet's wellness doesn't mean you should be able to control everything - no one can. But it does mean that you have more power than you may realize to help keep her well.

The best way to support your pet's present and future wellness is through stress prevention. To do this, you need to tune into the kinds of stress that may affect your pet and then stress-proof the ways you look after her daily needs. This chapter and the next will show you how.

Become Your Pet's Stress Monitor

Flyball's story reveals that no matter how caring we are, we may not immediately realize that something in the environment we share with our pets is causing them negative stress.

We humans may be slow on the uptake for two reasons. First, because we take so many cues from human culture instead of Nature, practices that are out of balance with the natural world may come to seem natural to us. For instance, Jeannine wanted to get rid of potentially dangerous bacteria and she accepted the cultural wisdom that the best way to do this is by using harsh industrial chemicals. Although her concern was valid, she did not consider the possible effects of such chemicals on her dog. What's more, our pets may enjoy many of our practices along with us. What dog or cat, given the chance, wouldn't gladly snooze on a comfy new foam-filled sofa even if it gives off toxic gases? But even the most adaptable animals experience negative stress when they are exposed to environmental conditions that are not appropriate for them, and this causes them to lose wellness.

Second, we can be slow to recognize stressors that affect our dogs and cats because our pets' sensory organs are much more highly developed than ours. We may not detect factors that are hard on them. But by paying attention to the sensory abilities that we do have, we can strengthen them.

You can hone your ability to notice when something clashes with your pet's needs by becoming your pet's stress monitor. You won't need to take notes or keep journals. All you need to do is become more attuned to your pet by using your common senses-all six of them.

We share with our pets the ability to sense the world around us through smelling, hearing, seeing, tasting, and feeling. When we lose one of these abilities, we sense the environment through the rest. Individuals who can't use all five physical senses develop the remaining ones more strongly.

However, the five physical senses don't pick up all stressors. Radiation is an example of a stressor we don't normally feel. So it's helpful that humans, cats, and dogs also share an ability to sense when someone else isn't feeling well. Whether we think of it as an instinct felt more in the body or an intuition more consciously known, most of us have it to some degree. For example, as you'll see in Chapter 6, even though his laboratory tests were clear, Jennifer was convinced that her Shetland sheepdog, Jesse, suffered from some land of negative stress, and it turned out she was right. Chances are you've had similar experiences.

To attune your senses to what your pet may experience, first ask yourself what you're experiencing. Then think about how it might affect a sensitive dog or cat. Check out your pet. Does she seem restless or uncomfortable-even subtly so? She may be trying to tell you that the music is too loud for her ears or that the air freshener or other perfumed product hurts her delicate olfactory receptors. Or she may be trying to tolerate the stress by panting in a corner or sleeping. Animals must accept the choices we make for them, so it's our responsibility to take their highly refined senses into account.

By Margarita Nahapetyan

Cats are not nearly as smart as dogs, at least in terms of understanding cause and effect of relationships, says a psychology expert from Britain.

Dr. Britta Osthaus, a lecturer from the Applied Social Sciences department at Canterbury Christ Church University in Canterbury, England, carried out series of experiments and tested the intelligence of domestic cats in order to determine their processes of thinking as well as how they perceive the world around them.

For the study purposes, Dr. Osthaus tested the cats on their ability to get an unreachable food treat from under a plastic screen. Three different scenarios have been used, including just one string that was baited; two parallel stings where only one was baited, and finally, two crossed strings, among which only one was baited.

During one of the experiments, Dr. Osthaus placed fish and biscuit treats to one end of a string and tested fifteen domestic cats to find if they could understand that pulling on one end of the string would bring the treat closer. She psychologist revealed that there was absolutely nothing to indicate that the animals understood the purpose of strings or their physical causality. All cats successfully performed when it came to pulling a single string to retrieve a food but, unlike dogs, none of them consistently selected the needed string when two strings were parallel. In a third test that involved crossed strings, one cat was constantly selecting the wrong string, while all the rest performed at chance level.

According to Dr. Osthaus, this new finding is very surprising because it has been known that cats regularly use their paws and claws to pull things towards them while playing and hunting. "They performed even worse than dogs, which can at least solve the parallel string task," the expert said.

The study is important in demonstrating the limits of feline intelligence. Osthaus said that if people knew the limits of their pets, they would not expect too much from them, which is in turn critical for their welfare. The finding is also important as it found that the cognitive abilities of cats are different to those of dogs, although both species are hunters and both species are domesticated.

Sharon Hogben from Cats Protection in Canterbury, said that the results of the tests were a big surprise but she argued that cats are very individual animals, with less tendency to please their owners, when compared to dogs. Dogs, in her words, are pack animals, and want to please their peers and owners. "Cats in good health are far from stupid though, they are keenly tuned to their owner's habits and can read their everyday behavior - like when they get up, when they get home from work or when it is time to have dinner.

Hogben said that in spite of the fact that humans have had a huge impact on the behavior of cats, it is still not easy to understand them or how they percieve the world around them. Cats are very intuitive animals and like to do things their own way. In adition, they are not very social animals and just would not take to this kind of artificial set-up as well as dogs, she concluded.

By Margarita Nahapetyan

According to medical officials, antibiotic-resistant MRSA bacteria can be passed back and forth between people and their pets. US scientists are warning that doctors who treat dog and cat bites, should consider the risks of MRSA infection.

Bacteria known as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , or MRSA, can cause painful skin infections in people. And increasingly, the bacteria is being discovered in pets as well, the experts have reported. Few studies have suggested that dogs, cats and horses pick up the infection from their owners, and should be considered as potential reservoirs of infection.

Writing in the journal, the team of investigators led by Dr. Richard Oehler, of the University of South Florida, noted that "as community-acquired strains of MRSA increase in prevalence, a growing body of clinical evidence has documented MRSA colonization in domestic animals, often implying direct infection from their human owners.

The majority of bugs are usually transmitted by bites and scratches, but others, including MRSA, are able to cycle back and forth between pets and their human owners, Oehler and his colleagues warned. In most cases, pet owners are not even aware of the possibility that life-threatening pathogens can be transmitted from their canine and feline companions, the researchers said. And particularly worrisome is a growing body of evidence that cats and dogs can be colonized by MRSA, since cats and dogs usually carry a different strain of Staphylococcus bacteria.

As long ago as 1988, an outbreak on a rehabilitation geriatric unit was traced to a "ward cat" that was believed to be transmitting the bacteria from one individual to another one. Another outbreak in an intensive-care unit was traced to a nurse and his husband, who also worked as a nurse. Few months later, someone has somehow discovered that the couple's dog was also infected with MRSA. "Simultaneous decolonization of the entire household (both nurses and the dog) was ultimately successful," the authors wrote.

In the United States, dog and cat bites are the cause of about 1 per cent of emergency room visits every year, with same numbers coming from Europe. Boys with the ages between 5 and 9 years, are most at risk from dog bites, the researchers said. It was observed that when bitten, hands appear to be the most parts of the body to develop infections, as well as to develop quickly spreading and disabling damage. In fact, between 30 and 40 per cent of all hand bites become infected.

Children, because of their small height, most commolnly are bitten on the face, neck or on the head. Adults get most bites on the hand, followed by face, head, neck, thigh or leg. Severe infections occur in about 20 per cent of all cases of dog and cat bites, which should be washed with high-pressure saline and treated with antibiotics in individual cases, the team explained. The treatment of infections from pets is the same as for MRSA acquired from other sources, Dr. Oehler said. The infections that have a mild or a moderate form, can be treated with oral anti-staphylococcal drugs, while more serious cases can be treated with drugs injected into the sites of infection.

The findings are published in the July issue of the journal Lancet Infectious Diseases.

By Margarita Nahapetyan

The "guilty look" on a dog's face does not have to do anything with an actual guilt, says a new York researcher, whose the expression on a dog's face in fact bears no relation to their own behavior, but rather to that of their owners.

Alexandra Horowitz, an assistant professor from Barnard College in New York, set out to determine why owners see guilt which the dog does not necessarily feel. The researcher was able to demonstrate that the human tendency to attribute a guilty look to their pet was not due to whether the dog was indeed guilty. Instead, individuals see the dog saying "sorry" in its own body language when they think that the dog has done something wrong, even if the dog is in reality completely innocent of any misconduct.

Horowitz conducted an experiment involving 14 dogs and their owners. The 6 male dogs and 8 female dogs included six mongrels and eight purebreds - a Brussel's griffon, 2 dachshunds, a Tibetan terrier, a cockapoo, a shi-tzu, a wheaten terrier and a Labrador retriever.

In a series of tests that have been videotaped, the lead investigator asked each owner to order the dog to stay away from a tasty treat after what the owners had to leave the room. When Horowitz was left alone with the dogs, she gave some of them the forbidden treat, and did not give it to the rest. When the owners came back to the room, some were told that their pets disobeyed and ate the forbidden treat, and others were told the opposite, that their dog had behaved in a proper way and did not touch the treat. The owners were told this regardless of what the dog had actually done.

The investigators found that whether the dogs' face expression included elements of the "guilty look" had to do very little with whether the dogs had actually eaten the food that was forbidden or had not. Dogs looked most "guilty" when their owners were reprimanding them for eating the treat. In reality, those dogs who had been obedient and had not touched the forbidden food, but were scolded by their owners (who were provided with wrong information), appeared to look more "guilty," compared to those that had, in fact, eaten the treat. Therefore, the investigators came to the conclusion that the the dog's guilty look is just the way they react to the owner's behavior, and do not necessarily indicate any appreciation of its own misbehavior.

Alexandra Horowitz, said: "Given that discovery of, say, a stolen roast or garbage on the floor is often followed instantly by cries of alarm and scolding, it is not surprising that, in retrospect, owners would conflate the sources of dogs' resulting guilty looks." She added that when owners simply raise their voice or change the intonation when calling their dog's name, it is often enough to cause pre-emptive submissive behavior.

This study comes right after a research by the experts at the University of Bristol, who also dispelled the myth that owners should seek to become "leaders of the pack" in order to keep their dogs properly behaved, with the animals demonstrating no signs of a pack mentality in domestic life.

The findings are published in the latest issue of the journal Behavioral Processes.